Why do young women smoke? I. Direct and interactive effects of environment, psychological characteristics and nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes

L. Greenbaum; K. Kanyas; O. Karni; Y. Merbl; T. Olender; A. Horowitz; A. Yakir; D. Lancet; E. Ben-Asher; B. Lerer

doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001774

Why do young women smoke? I. Direct and interactive effects of environment, psychological characteristics and nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes

L. Greenbaum
, K. Kanyas
, O. Karni
, Y. Merbl
, T. Olender
, A. Horowitz
, A. Yakir
, D. Lancet
, E. Ben-Asher
, B. Lerer^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Hadassah University Medical Centre
Weizmann Institute of Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

96 Scopus citations

Abstract

Despite the health hazards, cigarette smoking is disproportionately frequent among young women. A significant contribution of genetic factors to smoking phenotypes is well established. Efforts to identify susceptibility genes do not generally take into account possible interaction with environment, life experience and psychological characteristics. We recruited 501 female Israeli students aged 20-30 years, obtained comprehensive background data and details of cigarette smoking and administered a battery of psychological instruments. Smoking initiators (n = 242) were divided into subgroups with high (n = 127) and low (n = 115) levels of nicotine dependence based on their scores on the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and genotyped with noninitiators (n = 142) for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes. We found nominally significant (P < 0.05) allelic and genotypic association with smoking initiation of SNP rs2072660 and multilocus haplotypes (P < 0.007-0.05) in CHRNB2 and nominal (P < 0.05) allelic or genotypic association of SNPs in CHRNA7 (rs1909884), CHRNA9 (rs4861065) and CHRNB3 (rs9298629) with nicotine dependence. Employing logistic regression and controlling for known risk factors, the best-fitting model for smoking initiation encompassed a 5 SNP haplotype in CHRNB2, neuroticism and novelty seeking (P = 5.9 × 10^-14, Nagelkerke r² = 0.30). For severity of nicotine dependence, two SNPs in CHRNA7 (rs1909884 and rs883473), one SNP in CHRNA5 (rs680244) and the interaction of a SNP in CHRNA7 (rs2337980) with neuroticism, were included in the model (P = 2.24 × 10^-7, Nagelkerke r² = 0.40). These findings indicate that background factors, psychological characteristics and genetic variation in nicotinic cholinergic receptors contribute independently or interactively to smoking initiation and to severity of nicotine dependence in young women.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	312-322
Number of pages	11
Journal	Molecular Psychiatry
Volume	11
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001774
State	Published - Mar 2006
Externally published	Yes

Funding

Funders
Crown Human Genome Center
Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology
Philip Morris International
Weizmann Institute of Science

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Environment
Life experience
Nicotine dependence
Nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes
Personality
Smoking initiation

Access to Document

10.1038/sj.mp.4001774

Cite this

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title = "Why do young women smoke? I. Direct and interactive effects of environment, psychological characteristics and nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes",

abstract = "Despite the health hazards, cigarette smoking is disproportionately frequent among young women. A significant contribution of genetic factors to smoking phenotypes is well established. Efforts to identify susceptibility genes do not generally take into account possible interaction with environment, life experience and psychological characteristics. We recruited 501 female Israeli students aged 20-30 years, obtained comprehensive background data and details of cigarette smoking and administered a battery of psychological instruments. Smoking initiators (n = 242) were divided into subgroups with high (n = 127) and low (n = 115) levels of nicotine dependence based on their scores on the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and genotyped with noninitiators (n = 142) for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes. We found nominally significant (P < 0.05) allelic and genotypic association with smoking initiation of SNP rs2072660 and multilocus haplotypes (P < 0.007-0.05) in CHRNB2 and nominal (P < 0.05) allelic or genotypic association of SNPs in CHRNA7 (rs1909884), CHRNA9 (rs4861065) and CHRNB3 (rs9298629) with nicotine dependence. Employing logistic regression and controlling for known risk factors, the best-fitting model for smoking initiation encompassed a 5 SNP haplotype in CHRNB2, neuroticism and novelty seeking (P = 5.9 {\texttimes} 10-14, Nagelkerke r2 = 0.30). For severity of nicotine dependence, two SNPs in CHRNA7 (rs1909884 and rs883473), one SNP in CHRNA5 (rs680244) and the interaction of a SNP in CHRNA7 (rs2337980) with neuroticism, were included in the model (P = 2.24 {\texttimes} 10-7, Nagelkerke r2 = 0.40). These findings indicate that background factors, psychological characteristics and genetic variation in nicotinic cholinergic receptors contribute independently or interactively to smoking initiation and to severity of nicotine dependence in young women.",

keywords = "Environment, Life experience, Nicotine dependence, Nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes, Personality, Smoking initiation",

author = "L. Greenbaum and K. Kanyas and O. Karni and Y. Merbl and T. Olender and A. Horowitz and A. Yakir and D. Lancet and E. Ben-Asher and B. Lerer",

note = "Funding Information: Research described in this article was supported in part by Philip Morris USA Inc. and Philip Morris International (investigator designed, independently reviewed grant), the Genome Infrastructure Program of the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology and the Crown Human Genome Center at the Weizmann Institute of Science. The authors thank Naomi Boumard and Professor Benny Yakir for their helpful advice.",

year = "2006",

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doi = "10.1038/sj.mp.4001774",

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AU - Greenbaum, L.

AU - Kanyas, K.

AU - Karni, O.

AU - Merbl, Y.

AU - Olender, T.

AU - Horowitz, A.

AU - Yakir, A.

AU - Lancet, D.

AU - Ben-Asher, E.

AU - Lerer, B.

N1 - Funding Information: Research described in this article was supported in part by Philip Morris USA Inc. and Philip Morris International (investigator designed, independently reviewed grant), the Genome Infrastructure Program of the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology and the Crown Human Genome Center at the Weizmann Institute of Science. The authors thank Naomi Boumard and Professor Benny Yakir for their helpful advice.

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N2 - Despite the health hazards, cigarette smoking is disproportionately frequent among young women. A significant contribution of genetic factors to smoking phenotypes is well established. Efforts to identify susceptibility genes do not generally take into account possible interaction with environment, life experience and psychological characteristics. We recruited 501 female Israeli students aged 20-30 years, obtained comprehensive background data and details of cigarette smoking and administered a battery of psychological instruments. Smoking initiators (n = 242) were divided into subgroups with high (n = 127) and low (n = 115) levels of nicotine dependence based on their scores on the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and genotyped with noninitiators (n = 142) for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes. We found nominally significant (P < 0.05) allelic and genotypic association with smoking initiation of SNP rs2072660 and multilocus haplotypes (P < 0.007-0.05) in CHRNB2 and nominal (P < 0.05) allelic or genotypic association of SNPs in CHRNA7 (rs1909884), CHRNA9 (rs4861065) and CHRNB3 (rs9298629) with nicotine dependence. Employing logistic regression and controlling for known risk factors, the best-fitting model for smoking initiation encompassed a 5 SNP haplotype in CHRNB2, neuroticism and novelty seeking (P = 5.9 × 10-14, Nagelkerke r2 = 0.30). For severity of nicotine dependence, two SNPs in CHRNA7 (rs1909884 and rs883473), one SNP in CHRNA5 (rs680244) and the interaction of a SNP in CHRNA7 (rs2337980) with neuroticism, were included in the model (P = 2.24 × 10-7, Nagelkerke r2 = 0.40). These findings indicate that background factors, psychological characteristics and genetic variation in nicotinic cholinergic receptors contribute independently or interactively to smoking initiation and to severity of nicotine dependence in young women.

AB - Despite the health hazards, cigarette smoking is disproportionately frequent among young women. A significant contribution of genetic factors to smoking phenotypes is well established. Efforts to identify susceptibility genes do not generally take into account possible interaction with environment, life experience and psychological characteristics. We recruited 501 female Israeli students aged 20-30 years, obtained comprehensive background data and details of cigarette smoking and administered a battery of psychological instruments. Smoking initiators (n = 242) were divided into subgroups with high (n = 127) and low (n = 115) levels of nicotine dependence based on their scores on the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and genotyped with noninitiators (n = 142) for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes. We found nominally significant (P < 0.05) allelic and genotypic association with smoking initiation of SNP rs2072660 and multilocus haplotypes (P < 0.007-0.05) in CHRNB2 and nominal (P < 0.05) allelic or genotypic association of SNPs in CHRNA7 (rs1909884), CHRNA9 (rs4861065) and CHRNB3 (rs9298629) with nicotine dependence. Employing logistic regression and controlling for known risk factors, the best-fitting model for smoking initiation encompassed a 5 SNP haplotype in CHRNB2, neuroticism and novelty seeking (P = 5.9 × 10-14, Nagelkerke r2 = 0.30). For severity of nicotine dependence, two SNPs in CHRNA7 (rs1909884 and rs883473), one SNP in CHRNA5 (rs680244) and the interaction of a SNP in CHRNA7 (rs2337980) with neuroticism, were included in the model (P = 2.24 × 10-7, Nagelkerke r2 = 0.40). These findings indicate that background factors, psychological characteristics and genetic variation in nicotinic cholinergic receptors contribute independently or interactively to smoking initiation and to severity of nicotine dependence in young women.

KW - Environment

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Why do young women smoke? I. Direct and interactive effects of environment, psychological characteristics and nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

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