TY - JOUR
T1 - Vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders
T2 - a multicentre study
AU - the EMTICS Collaborative Group
AU - Bond, Molly
AU - Moll, Natalie
AU - Rosello, Alicia
AU - Bond, Rod
AU - Schnell, Jaana
AU - Burger, Bianka
AU - Hoekstra, Pieter J.
AU - Dietrich, Andrea
AU - Schrag, Anette
AU - Kocovska, Eva
AU - Martino, Davide
AU - Mueller, Norbert
AU - Schwarz, Markus
AU - Meier, Ute Christiane
AU - Bruun, Julie E.
AU - Grejsen, Judy
AU - Ommundsen, Christine L.
AU - Rubæk, Mette
AU - Enghardt, Stephanie
AU - Bokemeyer, Stefanie
AU - Driedger-Garbe, Christiane
AU - Reichert, Cornelia
AU - Schmalfeld, Jenny
AU - Duffield, Thomas
AU - Gergye, Franciska
AU - Kovacs, Margit
AU - Vidomusz, Reka
AU - Carmel, Miri
AU - Fennig, Silvana
AU - Gev, Ella
AU - Keller, Nathan
AU - Michaelovsky, Elena
AU - Nahon, Matan
AU - Regev, Chen
AU - Simcha, Tomer
AU - Smollan, Gill
AU - Weizman, Avi
AU - Gagliardi, Giuseppe
AU - Tallon, Marco
AU - Roazzi, Paolo
AU - van den Ban, Els
AU - de Bruijn, Sebastian F.T.M.
AU - Driessen, Nicole
AU - Lamerz, Andreas
AU - Messchendorp, Marieke
AU - Rath, Judith J.G.
AU - Sival, Nadine Schalk Deborah
AU - Apter, Alan
AU - Benaroya-Milshtein, Noa
AU - Steinberg, Tamar
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - This study investigated whether vitamin D is associated with the presence or severity of chronic tic disorders and their psychiatric comorbidities. This cross-sectional study compared serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (ng/ml) levels among three groups: children and adolescents (3–16 years) with CTD (n = 327); first-degree relatives (3–10 years) of individuals with CTD who were assessed for a period of up to 7 years for possible onset of tics and developed tics within this period (n = 31); and first-degree relatives who did not develop tics and were ≥ 10 years old at their last assessment (n = 93). The relationship between 25(OH)D and the presence and severity of tics, as well as comorbid obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), were analysed controlling for age, sex, season, centre, latitude, family relatedness, and comorbidities. When comparing the CTD cohort to the unaffected cohort, the observed result was contrary to the one expected: a 10 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D was associated with higher odds of having CTD (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.27–3.42, p < 0.01). There was no association between 25(OH)D and tic severity. However, a 10 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D was associated with lower odds of having comorbid ADHD within the CTD cohort (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36–0.84, p = 0.01) and was inversely associated with ADHD symptom severity (β = − 2.52, 95% CI − 4.16–0.88, p < 0.01). In conclusion, lower vitamin D levels were not associated with a higher presence or severity of tics but were associated with the presence and severity of comorbid ADHD in children and adolescents with CTD.
AB - This study investigated whether vitamin D is associated with the presence or severity of chronic tic disorders and their psychiatric comorbidities. This cross-sectional study compared serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (ng/ml) levels among three groups: children and adolescents (3–16 years) with CTD (n = 327); first-degree relatives (3–10 years) of individuals with CTD who were assessed for a period of up to 7 years for possible onset of tics and developed tics within this period (n = 31); and first-degree relatives who did not develop tics and were ≥ 10 years old at their last assessment (n = 93). The relationship between 25(OH)D and the presence and severity of tics, as well as comorbid obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), were analysed controlling for age, sex, season, centre, latitude, family relatedness, and comorbidities. When comparing the CTD cohort to the unaffected cohort, the observed result was contrary to the one expected: a 10 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D was associated with higher odds of having CTD (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.27–3.42, p < 0.01). There was no association between 25(OH)D and tic severity. However, a 10 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D was associated with lower odds of having comorbid ADHD within the CTD cohort (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36–0.84, p = 0.01) and was inversely associated with ADHD symptom severity (β = − 2.52, 95% CI − 4.16–0.88, p < 0.01). In conclusion, lower vitamin D levels were not associated with a higher presence or severity of tics but were associated with the presence and severity of comorbid ADHD in children and adolescents with CTD.
KW - ADHD
KW - OCD
KW - Pediatrics
KW - Tic disorder
KW - Tourette
KW - Vitamin D
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85135420040&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00787-021-01757-y
DO - 10.1007/s00787-021-01757-y
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C2 - 33851280
AN - SCOPUS:85135420040
SN - 1018-8827
VL - 31
SP - 1
EP - 12
JO - European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
JF - European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
IS - 8
ER -