Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) response to dental trauma: A preliminary study in rats

Background: Successful periodontal healing and pulpal revascularization after trauma may be age-related. After dental trauma, age-related impaired angiogenesis may play a role in the revascularization rate during the healing process. Objectives: The aim of the present preliminary in vivo study was to detect the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in venous and whole blood from the alveolar socket immediately post-tooth extraction. Materials and methods: The study consisted of 16 Wistar rats divided into two groups: eight young (6 weeks) with incomplete root development and open apices, and eight adult (4 months) with complete root development. One first mandibular molar was extracted and whole blood from the alveolar socket collected immediately and at 5, 10 and 15 min post-extraction. Venous blood samples were collected immediately pre- and 24-h post-extraction. All samples were tested for VEGF. Results: Increased VEGF levels were found in the venous blood 24 h post-extraction, with a significant difference in the young rats (P < 0.05). The increased VEGF serum concentration in the young rats was significantly higher (12.2 ± 4.6 pg ml^-1, median 12.1) than that in the adult rats (7.6 ± 3.8 pg ml^-1, median 6.7) (P = 0.037). VEGF at the extraction site was not significantly different at 15 min post-extraction. At the extraction site, there was no significant difference of VEGF concentration between young and adult rats. Conclusions: Young rats had higher post-extraction serum VEGF levels, which may contribute to the healing process after dental trauma.