TY - JOUR
T1 - Validation and adjustment of the mathematical prediction model for human rectal temperature responses to outdoor environmental conditions
AU - Moran, D.
AU - Shapiro, Y.
AU - Epstein, Y.
AU - Burstein, R.
AU - Stroschein, L.
AU - Pandolf, K. B.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements Supported by the US Army Medical Research and Development Command Grant No: DAMD 17-85-G-5044.
PY - 1995/5
Y1 - 1995/5
N2 - Models to predict rectal temperature (Tre) have been based on indoor laboratory studies. The present study was conducted to validate and adjust a previously suggested model for outdoor environmental conditions. Four groups of young male volunteers were exposed to three different climatic conditions (30°C, 65% rh; 31°C, 41% rh; 40°C, 20% rh). They were tested both in shaded and open field areas (radiation: 80 and 900 W·m−2, respectively) at different work loads (100, 300 and 450 watt). Exercise consisted of two bouts of 10 minutes rest and 50 minutes walking on a treadmill, at a constant speed (1.4m · s−1) and different grades. The subjects were tested wearing cotton fatigues and protective garments. Their Tre and heart rate were monitored every 5 min and skin temperature every 15 min, oxygen uptake was measured towards the end of each bout of exercise; concomitantly, ambient temperature, relative humidity and solar load were monitored. We concluded that: (a) the corrected model to predict rectal temperature overestimates the actual measurements when applied outdoors; (b) radiative and convective heat exchanges should be considered separately when using the model outdoors; (c) radiative heat exchange should also be considered separately for short-wave radiation (solar radiation) and long-wave emission from the body to the atmosphere. Finally, an adjusted model to be used outdoors was suggested.
AB - Models to predict rectal temperature (Tre) have been based on indoor laboratory studies. The present study was conducted to validate and adjust a previously suggested model for outdoor environmental conditions. Four groups of young male volunteers were exposed to three different climatic conditions (30°C, 65% rh; 31°C, 41% rh; 40°C, 20% rh). They were tested both in shaded and open field areas (radiation: 80 and 900 W·m−2, respectively) at different work loads (100, 300 and 450 watt). Exercise consisted of two bouts of 10 minutes rest and 50 minutes walking on a treadmill, at a constant speed (1.4m · s−1) and different grades. The subjects were tested wearing cotton fatigues and protective garments. Their Tre and heart rate were monitored every 5 min and skin temperature every 15 min, oxygen uptake was measured towards the end of each bout of exercise; concomitantly, ambient temperature, relative humidity and solar load were monitored. We concluded that: (a) the corrected model to predict rectal temperature overestimates the actual measurements when applied outdoors; (b) radiative and convective heat exchanges should be considered separately when using the model outdoors; (c) radiative heat exchange should also be considered separately for short-wave radiation (solar radiation) and long-wave emission from the body to the atmosphere. Finally, an adjusted model to be used outdoors was suggested.
KW - Heat load
KW - Models
KW - Rectal temperature
KW - Thermoregulation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0028969254&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/00140139508925167
DO - 10.1080/00140139508925167
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AN - SCOPUS:0028969254
SN - 0014-0139
VL - 38
SP - 1011
EP - 1018
JO - Ergonomics
JF - Ergonomics
IS - 5
ER -