[Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis following ovarian stimulation].

Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) is uncommon as a spontaneous event in the general population and is associated with well-defined risk factors. Thromboembotic events are serious, but fortunately rare, complications following ovarian stimulation for IVF. A review of the Literature indicates that thromboembolic events after ovarian stimulation are usually associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). The incidence of UEDVT is higher in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to the general population. The incidence of this condition is estimated to be 0.08%-0.11% of treatment cycles. While lower extremity DVT may be considered a natural consequence of OHSS, given the diminished venous return secondary to enlarged ovaries and ascites, it is unclear why there appears to be a predilection for thrombi in the upper extremities in women undergoing ART. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial for both maternal and fetal well-being. Since infertility treatment is becoming commonplace in today's society, women undergoing treatment and their clinicians should be better informed of the presentation and clinical course of UEDVT to enable early diagnosis and start treatment. Consideration must be given to screening patients at risk for OHSS for thrombophilias, as well as administrating prophylactic anticoagulation therapy to patients who develop OHSS.