Update on adolescent immunizations: Selected review of US recommendations and literature

Purpose of review: To provide a clinically relevant synopsis of recent research findings as well as updated recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding adolescent immunizations. Recent findings: Coverage rates for the adolescent vaccinations continue to lag behind those of the childhood vaccinations, despite their importance. Recent research has focused on the reasons for suboptimal adolescent vaccination rates as well as strategies for improvement. By more fully understanding the barriers to immunization, efforts can be implemented to address these concerns and to ensure that all eligible adolescents receive their vaccinations. In addition, much work has focused on the duration of protection induced by childhood and adolescent vaccinations and the need for booster doses in older adolescents. Because immunity has been found to wane after vaccination, these booster doses can serve to more fully protect adolescents. This article reviews selected recent publications on human papillomavirus, meningococcal conjugate, and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccines. Summary: Adolescent vaccinations will continue to be studied and this research will serve to shape future recommendations. Through this work, we can learn the best methods to optimize the protection of all adolescents against these very serious diseases.