Two periods of early ventricular arrhythmia in the canine acute myocardial infarction model

The time course of ventricular arrhythmias in the early period (0-30 minutes) after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was studied in 41 open-chest mongrel dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal). ECGs and seven single and composite electrograms from various regions in and around the ischemic zone were recorded throughout the experiments. Two periods of ventricular arrhythmias were clearly seen. The first occurred 2-10 minutes after coronary ligation, peaking at 5-6 minutes, and was designated as immediate ventricular arrhythmias (IVAs). There was a distinct correlation between incidence, severity, onset and termination of IVA and the degree of local delay and fragmentation of the normal sinus activation spread in 12-30 minutes after ligation independently of the previous increased delay and fragmentation of activation in the ischemic subepicardium. Delayed ventricular arrthymias (DVAs) were as severe as IVAs - there were nine instances of ventricular fibrillation during DVA and seven during IVA. While the mechanisms of IVA is most probably related to reentry accompanied by delay and fragmentation of ischemic subepicardial activation, the mechanisms of DVA remain unclear. The authors evidence suggests that DVAs are also reentrant, with the reentry pathways located in deep myocardial structures or involving microscopic pathways at the Purkinje muscle junction.