TY - JOUR
T1 - Transplanted lichens in and around the Mount Carmel National Park and the Haifa Bay industrial region in Israel
T2 - Physiological and chemical responses
AU - Garty, J.
AU - Weissman, L.
AU - Cohen, Y.
AU - Karnieli, A.
AU - Orlovsky, L.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are indebted to Mrs. Rachel Garty-Spitz for her valued contribution to the manuscript. This work has been 7nan-cially supported by the Haifa District Association of Municipalities for the Environment and by the Israel Electric Corp. Ltd.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - This study investigated the impact of air pollution on the spectral reflectance of the epiphytic lichen Ramalina lacera, indicated by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), on the integrity of chlorophyll, indicated by the ratio OD435nm/OD415 nm, and on the integrity of cell membranes, indicated by electric conductivity. Data relating to physiological parameters of injury were integrated with data concerning the detrimental deposition of mineral elements. The transplanted lichen, originating in a relatively unpolluted site in Israel, was placed in 17 sites on and around the Carmel Mountain and in 2 sites in an industrial region in the Haifa Bay, northwest Israel, for a period of 10 months. The accumulated amounts of Ca, Ti, Cu, Mg, Fe, Si, Ni, Zn, V, Cr, Mn, CI-, K, F-, Na, Ba, Sr, B, S, P, Al, PO4/3-, SO4/2-, and NO3/- were related to alterations in spectral reflectance and injury caused to chlorophyll and cell membranes. At the end of the period of exposure, the retrieved transplants from the Haifa Bay exhibited low NDVI values and low OD435 nm/OD415 nm ratios, indicating chlorophyll degradation, and high electric conductivity values, indicating damaged cell membranes. NDVI values correlated positively with OD435 nm/OD415 nm ratios and negatively with accumulated amounts of Ba, Cu, Ni, S, SO4/2-, V, and Zn. OD435 nm/OD415 nm ratios correlated negatively with amounts of Ba, Cu, Ni, NO3/-, SO4/2-, and V. Values obtained for electric conductivity correlated positively with amounts of B, Ba, CI-, Cr, Cu, Na, Ni, NO3/-, S, and SO4/2-. Both elemental and ion content and the physiological status of the R. lacera transplants indicated that the greater part of the biomonitoring sites on and around the Carmel Mountain were slightly polluted or unpolluted, whereas the Haifa Bay region was rather polluted. The greater part of the HaifaBay pollution derives from the combustion of heavy fuel oil.
AB - This study investigated the impact of air pollution on the spectral reflectance of the epiphytic lichen Ramalina lacera, indicated by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), on the integrity of chlorophyll, indicated by the ratio OD435nm/OD415 nm, and on the integrity of cell membranes, indicated by electric conductivity. Data relating to physiological parameters of injury were integrated with data concerning the detrimental deposition of mineral elements. The transplanted lichen, originating in a relatively unpolluted site in Israel, was placed in 17 sites on and around the Carmel Mountain and in 2 sites in an industrial region in the Haifa Bay, northwest Israel, for a period of 10 months. The accumulated amounts of Ca, Ti, Cu, Mg, Fe, Si, Ni, Zn, V, Cr, Mn, CI-, K, F-, Na, Ba, Sr, B, S, P, Al, PO4/3-, SO4/2-, and NO3/- were related to alterations in spectral reflectance and injury caused to chlorophyll and cell membranes. At the end of the period of exposure, the retrieved transplants from the Haifa Bay exhibited low NDVI values and low OD435 nm/OD415 nm ratios, indicating chlorophyll degradation, and high electric conductivity values, indicating damaged cell membranes. NDVI values correlated positively with OD435 nm/OD415 nm ratios and negatively with accumulated amounts of Ba, Cu, Ni, S, SO4/2-, V, and Zn. OD435 nm/OD415 nm ratios correlated negatively with amounts of Ba, Cu, Ni, NO3/-, SO4/2-, and V. Values obtained for electric conductivity correlated positively with amounts of B, Ba, CI-, Cr, Cu, Na, Ni, NO3/-, S, and SO4/2-. Both elemental and ion content and the physiological status of the R. lacera transplants indicated that the greater part of the biomonitoring sites on and around the Carmel Mountain were slightly polluted or unpolluted, whereas the Haifa Bay region was rather polluted. The greater part of the HaifaBay pollution derives from the combustion of heavy fuel oil.
KW - Air pollution
KW - Cell membranes
KW - Chlorophyll
KW - Lichen
KW - Ramalina lacera
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0035116479&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1006/enrs.2000.4222
DO - 10.1006/enrs.2000.4222
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AN - SCOPUS:0035116479
SN - 0013-9351
VL - 85
SP - 159
EP - 176
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
IS - 2
ER -