TY - JOUR
T1 - Transgenerational effects of stress on reproduction strategy in the mixed mating plant Lamium amplexicaule
AU - Binder, Mor
AU - Zinger, Eyal
AU - Hadany, Lilach
AU - Ohad, Nir
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/12
Y1 - 2024/12
N2 - Background: The theory of Condition Dependent Sex predicts that – everything else being equal – less fit individuals would outcross at higher rates compared with fitter ones. Here we used the mixed mating plant Lamium amplexicaule, capable of producing both self-pollinating closed flowers (CL), alongside open flowers (CH) that allow cross pollination to test it. We investigated the effects of abiotic stress – salt solution irrigation – on the flowering patterns of plants and their offspring. We monitored several flowering and vegetative parameters, including the number and distribution of flowers, CH fraction, and plant size. Results: We found that stressed plants show an increased tendency for self-pollination and a deficit in floral and vegetative development. However, when parentally primed, stressed plants show a milder response. Un-stressed offspring of stressed parents show reversed responses and exhibit an increased tendency to outcross, and improve floral and vegetative development. Conclusions: In summary, we found that stress affects the reproduction strategy in the plants that experienced the stress and in subsequent offspring through F2 generation. Our results provide experimental evidence supporting a transgenerational extension to the theories of fitness associate sex and dispersal, where an individual’s tendency for sex and dispersal may depend on the stress experienced by its parents.
AB - Background: The theory of Condition Dependent Sex predicts that – everything else being equal – less fit individuals would outcross at higher rates compared with fitter ones. Here we used the mixed mating plant Lamium amplexicaule, capable of producing both self-pollinating closed flowers (CL), alongside open flowers (CH) that allow cross pollination to test it. We investigated the effects of abiotic stress – salt solution irrigation – on the flowering patterns of plants and their offspring. We monitored several flowering and vegetative parameters, including the number and distribution of flowers, CH fraction, and plant size. Results: We found that stressed plants show an increased tendency for self-pollination and a deficit in floral and vegetative development. However, when parentally primed, stressed plants show a milder response. Un-stressed offspring of stressed parents show reversed responses and exhibit an increased tendency to outcross, and improve floral and vegetative development. Conclusions: In summary, we found that stress affects the reproduction strategy in the plants that experienced the stress and in subsequent offspring through F2 generation. Our results provide experimental evidence supporting a transgenerational extension to the theories of fitness associate sex and dispersal, where an individual’s tendency for sex and dispersal may depend on the stress experienced by its parents.
KW - Cleistogamy
KW - Condition dependent sex
KW - Epigenetic inheritance
KW - FAS
KW - Lamium amplexicaule (henbit)
KW - Mixed mating
KW - Phenotypic plasticity
KW - Stress
KW - Transgenerational effect
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85201681213&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12870-024-05458-x
DO - 10.1186/s12870-024-05458-x
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C2 - 39169281
AN - SCOPUS:85201681213
SN - 1471-2229
VL - 24
JO - BMC Plant Biology
JF - BMC Plant Biology
IS - 1
M1 - 794
ER -