Towards a theory of awareness and of consciousness

Consciousness is repeatedly observed, thus deserving efforts to explain it scientifically. Early studies of it came to prove it illusory. These are irrelevant, as persistent illusions invite explanation: why do they persist? And how do we distinguish between conscious and subconscious decisions, and between decisions and selfdeception? Efforts to overcome Hume's criticism of the theory of knowledge by limiting it to conscious thinking raise interest in consciousness. Nevertheless, the view is popular that consciousness is scientifically irrelevant. This, too, invites explanation. Traditional psychology of learning rightly begins with the study of proper research. It demands that research should rest on no presuppositions. This is impossible. When in trouble, researchers try to articulate some of their tacit presuppositions so as to improve them. This is vital for the progress of science. The most significant supposition is that perception is passive. It is amply refuted yet it stays popular. And prevents the understanding that consciousness is a dimension of perception that is irreducible to other qualities of perception and so it requires special attention. For that criticism of received theories of perception and of consciousness are vital, especially the view that scientific controversy is objectionable. For, properly run controversy always boosts science. Removing the obstacles on the way to progress in research on consciousness is not enough but is all that is attempted here. This paper ends with a refutation of the idea that Turing's test vindicates his dismissal of consciousness as inviting research.