Toward a Theranostic Approach for the Brain Tumor Toxicity Profile of Polymer-Shelled Microbubbles

Gaio Paradossi*, Fabio Domenici, Francesco Riccitelli, Rachel Grossman*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The establishment of theranostic devices by combining multimodal real-time intraoperative imaging for brain tumor surgery with targeted drug delivery may provide therapeutic advantages for patients with malignant gliomas. Our group has recently developed a new generation of novel microbubbles (MBs), with an air core and a crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) shell, called PVA MBs. The PVA MB surface was engineered to support near-infrared (NIR) imaging with a fluorescence probe (C790) for the surgical microscope. The attachment to a cyclic pentapeptide containing the RGD sequence promotes active adhesion and direct targeting of endothelial tumor integrins. The conjugation of temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating chemotherapy proven to be effective against malignant gliomas, provides a unique therapeutic advantage. The potential toxicity of this novel technology was assessed in rats by intravenous injections of two doses of naked MBs and MBs equipped with RGD for targeting tumor integrins, NIR fluorescence (CF790) for real-time visualization, and TMZ as a cytotoxic component, at two time points, 10 min and 7 days, for potential acute and chronic responses in rats [(1) MB, (2) MB-C790-RGD, and (3) MB-C790-RGD-TMZ]. No mortality occurred during the 7-day study period in any of the dosing groups. Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and increased triglyceride levels were noticed in the high-dose naked MBs and MBs-CF790-RGD groups. These findings may be associated with their enlarged spleen and liver, observed during necropsy. Histopathology examination in the high-dose animals showed the development of treatment-related changes seen mostly 7 days post dosing, consisting of granulomatous inflammation and foreign body reaction. Accordingly, we concluded that the low-dose tested items appeared to be safe. The results allow us to proceed with planning for an efficacy study before making the first attempt to use this technology in clinical practice.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)4486-4495
Number of pages10
JournalACS Omega
Volume10
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - 11 Feb 2025
Externally publishedYes

Funding

FundersFunder number
Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology3-17493
Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione InternazionaleMAE01432102020-12-03

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