The value of sonohysterography combined with cytological analysis of the fluid retrieved from the endometrial cavity in predicting histological diagnosis

Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of sonohysterography combined with cytological analysis of the fluid retrieved from the endometrial cavity in predicting histological diagnosis. Study design. A prospective study was conducted comparing sonohysterography combined with endometrial washings for cytology with histological evaluation after surgical procedures. Of 152 patients referred for sonohysterography, 87 were premenopausal and 65 were postmenopausal. Some of the injected fluid was aspirated for cytological analysis. Sixty-one patients (40%) underwent surgical hysteroscopy and eight (5%) had dilatation and curettage as a result of the sonohysterographic findings. Histological diagnoses were compared with the sonohysterographic and cytological findings. Results. In 99 (65%) patients, sonohysterography demonstrated endometrial polyploid lesions. Only 54 endometrial cavitary lesions were confirmed pathologically. Epithelial cells with atypia were more often found in patients without (five of 53) than in those with (two of 99) an endometrial polyp (p < 0.05). Only one out of nine cases of histological diagnosis of hyperplasia was predicted cytologically. Conclusions. The addition of cytological analysis of the fluid retrieved from the endometrial cavity during sonohysterography did not contribute to the prediction of benign histological diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia.