The use of radioiodinated toluidine blue for preoperative localization of parathyroid pathology

The efficiency of preoperative radioactive toluidine blue (RTB) scintigraphy for the localization of parathyroid pathology was evaluated prospectively in 69 patients (age range, 15 to 81 years; mean, 56 years) with primary hyperparathyroidism. Four patients have previously undergone negative exploratory surgery. Patients underwent preoperative dual radionuclide parathyroid-RTB/technetium 99m (Tc 99m) -thyroid scintigraphies with a computer-interfaced γ-camera with a pinhole collimator. Computer-acquired scintigraphic data were analyzed for parathyroid localizations by an RTB- parathyroid/thyroid superposition technique. At surgery, parathyroid adenomas were found in 64 patients (single adenomas in 60 patients; two adenomas in four patients), nine of these adenomas were mediastinal. Four patients had parathyroid hyperplasia. One patient had no parathyroid pathology (negative exploratory surgery). Correlation between the surgical-pathologic findings and the scintigraphic RTB localization studies disclosed a sensitivity of 87%, with a specificity of 94%, and an overall accuracy of 92%. The routine use of preoperative scintigraphic parathyroid-RTB/Tc 99m-thyroid localization has proved to be highly effective, enabling detection of small hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in normal and ectopic locations in a wide range of weights. In this series a success rate of 98% was achieved on initial and reexploratory surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.