Abstract
The inclusion of transgender women in female sports is controversial and raises questions regarding the principles of fairness and safety versus the inclusion of all those who wish to compete. Scientific data to guide decision-making are lacking and rely mostly on untrained transgender women, while data regarding professional and elite athletes are currently missing. Existing data suggest that the advantages of testosterone exposure since birth cannot be erased through gender-affirming hormonal therapy and that some advantages may persist despite the lowering of testosterone levels. Further research is certainly needed to develop and guide clear policies regarding transgender women's participation in female sports.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women |
Subtitle of host publication | Scientific and Clinical Aspects, Second Edition |
Publisher | Springer International Publishing |
Pages | 403-417 |
Number of pages | 15 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9783031218811 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783031218804 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1 Jan 2023 |
Keywords
- Athletes
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy
- Performance
- Regulations
- Sport
- Transwoman