The SLC8 gene family of sodium-calcium exchangers (NCX)-Structure, function, and regulation in health and disease

Daniel Khananshvili*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

182 Scopus citations

Abstract

The SLC8 gene family encoding Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX) belongs to the CaCA (Ca2+/Cation Antiporter) superfamily. Three mammalian genes (SLC8A1, SLC8A2, and SLC8A3) and their splice variants are expressed in a tissue-specific manner to mediate Ca2+-fluxes across the cell-membrane and thus, significantly contribute to regulation of Ca 2+-dependent events in many cell types. A long-wanted mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger has been recently identified as NCLX protein, representing a gene product of SLC8B1. Distinct NCX isoform/splice variants contribute to excitation-contraction coupling, long-term potentiation of the brain and learning, blood pressure regulation, immune response, neurotransmitter and insulin secretion, mitochondrial bioenergetics, etc. Altered expression and regulation of NCX proteins contribute to distorted Ca2+-homeostasis in heart failure, arrhythmia, cerebral ischemia, hypertension, diabetes, renal Ca2+ reabsorption, muscle dystrophy, etc. Recently, high-resolution X-ray structures of Ca2+-binding regulatory domains of eukaryotic NCX and of full-size prokaryotic NCX have become available and the dynamic properties have been analyzed by advanced biophysical approaches. Molecular silencing/overexpression of NCX in cellular systems and organ-specific KO mouse models provided useful information on the contribution of distinct NCX variants to cellular and systemic functions under various pathophysiological conditions. Selective inhibition or activation of predefined NCX variants in specific diseases might have clinical relevance, although this breakthrough has not yet been realized. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms as well as the development of in vitro procedures for high-throughput screening of "drug-like" compounds may lead to selective pharmacological targeting of NCX variants.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)220-235
Number of pages16
JournalMolecular Aspects of Medicine
Volume34
Issue number2-3
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2013

Funding

FundersFunder number
Universität Bern
nccr – on the move
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Israel Science Foundation23/10
Ministry of Health, State of Israel2010-3-6266, 2009-334

    Keywords

    • Expression
    • Isoforms
    • NCX
    • Regulation
    • SLC8
    • Splice variants

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