The novel multifunctional, iron-chelating drugs M30 and HLA20 protect pancreatic β-cell lines from oxidative stress damage

Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS)-induced pancreatic β-cell impairments is involved in diabetes and diabetic complications. Our group has recently synthesized two multifunctional nontoxic, lipophilic, iron-chelating drugs, 5-{N-methyl-N-propargylaminomethyl}-8-hydroxyquinoline (M30) and 5-{4-propargylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl}-8-hydroxyquinoline (HLA20), for the treatment of various OS-mediated pathogeneses. These compounds contain the N-propargylamine cytoprotective moiety of the antiparkinsonian drug rasagiline (Azilect) and the iron-complexing component 8-hydroxyquinoline. The aim of this research was to evaluate the protective effect of the multifunctional iron-chelating drugs on rat insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells (INS-1E and RINm) against OS-induced cytotoxicity. We found that M30 and HLA20 markedly and dose-dependently inhibited H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity, associated with decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and increased catalase activity. In accordance, the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol blocked the protective action of M30 against H ₂O₂-induced damage. Both compounds significantly increased the levels of the iron-responsive protein transferrin receptor indicating their iron-chelating effect. Further mechanistic studies showed that M30 and HLA20 attenuated H₂O₂-induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss, decreased the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, and inhibited the activation of caspase-3, suggesting that these drugs may produce cytoprotective effects via the preservation of mitochondrial function. These results indicate that the novel drugs, M30 and HLA20 display significant cytoprotective activity against OS-induced cytotoxicity in insulin producing β-cells, which might be of therapeutic use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.