@article{00e8a23573154ca2b906d7553c7ca6fd,
title = "The largest black holes and the most luminous galaxies",
abstract = "The empirical relationship between the broad-line region size and the source luminosity in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is used to obtain black hole (BH) masses for a large number of quasars in three samples. The largest black hole masses exceed 1010 M⊙ and are found to occur in the objects with the highest luminosities. Such BH masses, when converted to galaxy bulge mass and luminosity, indicate masses in excess of 1013 M⊙ and σ* in excess of 700 km s -1. Such massive galaxies have never been observed. The largest BHs reside, almost exclusively, in high-redshift quasars. All this is inconsistent with several suggested scenarios of BH and galaxy formation. Possible ways out are that either the observed size-luminosity relationship in low-luminosity AGNs does not extend to very high luminosity or else the MBH-M bulge-σ* correlations observed in the local universe do not reflect the relation between those quantities at the epoch of galaxy formation.",
keywords = "Black hole physics, Galaxies: active, Galaxies: high-redshift, Galaxies: nuclei, Quasars: general",
author = "Hagai Netzer",
note = "Funding Information: The work described in this paper is based primarily on a decade-long AGN monitoring project at the Wise Observatory. I am grateful to many of my colleagues and students that helped to make this a very successful project. Special thanks go to Dan Maoz, Shai Kaspi, and Ohad Shemmer, who led various parts of the project and without whom it would have been impossible to bring it to completion. Useful discussions with Ari Laor are gratefully acknowledged. This work is supported by the Israel Science Foundation grant 545/00.",
year = "2003",
month = jan,
day = "20",
doi = "10.1086/368012",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "583",
pages = "L5--L8",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "American Astronomical Society",
number = "1 II",
}