TY - JOUR
T1 - The Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection in Persons With Naturally Acquired Immunity With and Without Subsequent Receipt of a Single Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine A Retrospective Cohort Study
AU - Gazit, Sivan
AU - Shlezinger, Roei
AU - Perez, Galit
AU - Lotan, Roni
AU - Peretz, Asaf
AU - Ben-Tov, Amir
AU - Herzel, Esma
AU - Alapi, Hillel
AU - Cohen, Dani
AU - Muhsen, Khitam
AU - Chodick, Gabriel
AU - Patalon, Tal
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American College of Physicians
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Background: There is insufficient evidence regarding the magnitude and durability of protection conferred by a combined effect of naturally acquired immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine-induced immunity. Objective: To compare the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in previously infected persons to that of previously infected persons who subsequently received a single dose of BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine. Design: A retrospective cohort study emulating a randomized controlled target trial through a series of nested trials. Setting: Nationally centralized database of Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel. Participants: Persons with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection who did not receive subsequent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were compared with persons with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection who received a single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine at least 3 months after infection. Intervention: Forty-one randomized controlled trials were emulated, in which 107413 Maccabi Healthcare Services' members aged 16 years and older were eligible for at least 1 trial. Measurements: SARS-CoV-2–related outcomes of infection, symptomatic disease, hospitalization, and death, between 2 March and 13 December 2021. Results: A statistically significant decreased risk (hazard ratio, 0.18 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.20]) for reinfection was found among persons who were previously infected and then vaccinated versus those who were previously infected but remained unvaccinated. In addition, there was a decreased risk for symptomatic disease (hazard ratio, 0.24 [CI, 0.20 to 0.29]) among previously infected and vaccinated persons compared with those who were not vaccinated after infection. No COVID-19–related mortality cases were found. Limitation: Hybrid protection against non-Delta variants could not be inferred. Conclusion: Persons previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 gained additional protection against reinfection and COVID-19 from a subsequent single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Nonetheless, even without a subsequent vaccination, reinfection appeared relatively rare.
AB - Background: There is insufficient evidence regarding the magnitude and durability of protection conferred by a combined effect of naturally acquired immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine-induced immunity. Objective: To compare the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in previously infected persons to that of previously infected persons who subsequently received a single dose of BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine. Design: A retrospective cohort study emulating a randomized controlled target trial through a series of nested trials. Setting: Nationally centralized database of Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel. Participants: Persons with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection who did not receive subsequent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were compared with persons with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection who received a single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine at least 3 months after infection. Intervention: Forty-one randomized controlled trials were emulated, in which 107413 Maccabi Healthcare Services' members aged 16 years and older were eligible for at least 1 trial. Measurements: SARS-CoV-2–related outcomes of infection, symptomatic disease, hospitalization, and death, between 2 March and 13 December 2021. Results: A statistically significant decreased risk (hazard ratio, 0.18 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.20]) for reinfection was found among persons who were previously infected and then vaccinated versus those who were previously infected but remained unvaccinated. In addition, there was a decreased risk for symptomatic disease (hazard ratio, 0.24 [CI, 0.20 to 0.29]) among previously infected and vaccinated persons compared with those who were not vaccinated after infection. No COVID-19–related mortality cases were found. Limitation: Hybrid protection against non-Delta variants could not be inferred. Conclusion: Persons previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 gained additional protection against reinfection and COVID-19 from a subsequent single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Nonetheless, even without a subsequent vaccination, reinfection appeared relatively rare.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129171340&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.7326/M21-4130
DO - 10.7326/M21-4130
M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???
C2 - 35157493
AN - SCOPUS:85129171340
SN - 0003-4819
VL - 175
SP - 674
EP - 681
JO - Annals of Internal Medicine
JF - Annals of Internal Medicine
IS - 5
ER -
