The impact of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications on early implant failure following sinus floor augmentation: A retrospective cohort analysis

Introduction: The effect of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications on the outcomes of sinus floor augmentation remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from electronic medical records of consecutive patients undergoing sinus floor augmentation at a single medical center. Patients were categorized into three categories: patients under antiplatelet medications, patients under anticoagulation medications, and healthy individuals. Data collected included tobacco smoking, residual alveolar bone height, timing of implant placement, materials used, vertical bone gain, early implant failure (EIF), and complications such as Schneiderian membrane perforation and postoperative bleeding. Multivariable analysis was performed to assess risk factors for EIF. Statistical significance was considered below 5%. Results: Among 110 patients with 305 implants, EIF occurred in 10% of patients and 4.65% of implants. No significant difference in postoperative bleeding or EIF was found between study groups. Univariate and multivariable analyses highlighted tobacco smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 7.92), lower residual alveolar ridge height (OR = 0.81), and staged implant placement (OR = 4.64) as significant EIF risk factors in this cohort. Conclusions: Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies do not significantly elevate the risk of EIF or postoperative bleeding following sinus floor augmentation. Tobacco smoking, residual alveolar ridge height and staged sinus floor augmentation were risk factors for EIF in patients using antiplatelet or anticoagulation medications undergoing sinus floor augmentation.