The human motivational complex: Evolutionary theory and the causes of hunter-gatherer fighting, part II. Proximate, subordinate, and derivative causes

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Abstract

The study addresses the causes of fighting among hunter-gatherers, whose way of life represents 99.5 percent of human history. Focusing on somatic and reproductive causes in Part I and on such diverse causes as dominance, revenge, the "security dilemma," and "pugnacity" in Part II, the study seeks to show how all these motives, rather than being separate, come together in an integrated motivational complex, shaped by the logic of evolution and natural selection.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)74-88
Number of pages15
JournalAnthropological Quarterly
Volume73
Issue number2
StatePublished - Apr 2000

Keywords

  • Causes of war
  • Evolutionary theory
  • Hunter-gatherers
  • Interpretative approaches
  • Primitive warfare

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