@article{536bfa7546184cf2b09811096780627a,
title = "The emergence of childhood bipolar disorder: A prospective study from 4 months to 7 years of age",
abstract = "The present study reviews the development from 4 to 84 months of age of a boy diagnosed with bipolar mood disorder (BPD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at 7 years of age. Extensive data were collected in four central domains: psychophysiology (EEG and ECG), child temperament, mother-child interactions, and peer interactions. The target child's development was traced across time and compared with a cohort of 81 normally developing children. The target child displayed an unusual psychophysiological pattern from early infancy. His highly active central nervous system was coupled with an under-aroused autonomic nervous system. By preschool, his social interactions were marked by inappropriate affect and behavioral disinhibition, along with impulsivity and aggression. Possible links between the child's psychophysiological pattern and his behavior are discussed.",
keywords = "ADHD, Bipolar mood disorder, Childhood, Longitudinal research, Psychophysiology, Temperament",
author = "Yair Bar-Haim and Koraly Pŗez-Edgar and Fox, \{Nathan A.\} and Beck, \{Jo Anne M.\} and West, \{Gerard M.\} and Bhangoo, \{Robinder K.\} and Myers, \{Frances S.\} and Ellen Leibenluft",
note = "Funding Information: We would especially like to thank Jason and his family, as well as the parents of the other children, who have participated and continue to participate in our studies. We would like to acknowledge the contributions of K.H. Rubin for the coding and analysis of the peer interaction data at ages four and seven. We also thank Stacey Barton-Bowers, Kirsten VanMeenen, Dalit Himmelfarb Marshall, Heather Henderson, Genevieve Erb, Ariana Shanifar, Louis Schmidt, Patricia Peters, Peter Marshall, and Shari K. Young for their work in collecting the longitudinal data. This research was partially supported by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and by grants from the National Institute of Health (HD\# 32666 and HD\# 17899) to Nathan A. Fox.",
year = "2002",
doi = "10.1016/S0193-3973(02)00127-2",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "23",
pages = "431--450",
journal = "Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology",
issn = "0193-3973",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
number = "4",
}