The COP9 signalosome is essential for development of Drosophila melanogaster

The COP9 signalosome (originally described as the COP9 complex) is an essential multi-subunit repressor of light-regulated development in plants [1,2]. It has also been identified in mammals, though its role remains obscure [3-5]. This complex is similar to the regulatory lid of the proteasome and elF3 [5,9-12] and several of its subunits are known to be involved in kinase signaling pathways [4,6-8]. No proteins homologous to COP9 signalosome components were identified in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, suggesting that the COP9 signalosome is specific for multi-cellular differentiation [13]. In order to reveal the developmental function of the COP9 signalosome in animals, we have isolated Drosophila melanogaster genes encoding eight subunits of the COP9 signalosome, and have shown by co-immunoprecipitation and gel-filtration analysis that these proteins are components of the Drosophila COP9 signalosome. Yeast two-hybrid assays indicated that several of these proteins interact, some through the PCl domain. Disruption of one of the subunits by either a P-element insertion or deletion of the gene caused lethality at the late larval or pupal stages. This lethality is probably a result of numerous pleiotropic effects. Our results indicate that the COP9 signalosome is conserved in invertebrates and that it has an essential role in animal development.