The complex circumstellar environment of supernova 2023ixf

E. A. Zimmerman; I. Irani; P. Chen; A. Gal-Yam; S. Schulze; D. A. Perley; J. Sollerman; A. V. Filippenko; T. Shenar; O. Yaron; S. Shahaf; R. J. Bruch; E. O. Ofek; A. De Cia; T. G. Brink; Y. Yang; S. S. Vasylyev; S. Ben Ami; M. Aubert; A. Badash; J. S. Bloom; P. J. Brown; K. De; G. Dimitriadis; C. Fransson; C. Fremling; K. Hinds; A. Horesh; J. P. Johansson; M. M. Kasliwal; S. R. Kulkarni; D. Kushnir; C. Martin; M. Matuzewski; R. C. McGurk; A. A. Miller; J. Morag; J. D. Neil; P. E. Nugent; R. S. Post; N. Z. Prusinski; Y. Qin; A. Raichoor; R. Riddle; M. Rowe; B. Rusholme; I. Sfaradi; K. M. Sjoberg; M. Soumagnac; R. D. Stein; N. L. Strotjohann; J. H. Terwel; T. Wasserman; J. Wise; A. Wold; L. Yan; K. Zhang

doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07116-6

The complex circumstellar environment of supernova 2023ixf

E. A. Zimmerman^*
, I. Irani
, P. Chen
, A. Gal-Yam
, S. Schulze
, D. A. Perley
, J. Sollerman
, A. V. Filippenko
, T. Shenar
, O. Yaron
, S. Shahaf
, R. J. Bruch
, E. O. Ofek
, A. De Cia
, T. G. Brink
, Y. Yang
, S. S. Vasylyev
, S. Ben Ami
, M. Aubert
, A. Badash

J. S. Bloom, P. J. Brown, K. De, G. Dimitriadis, C. Fransson, C. Fremling, K. Hinds, A. Horesh, J. P. Johansson, M. M. Kasliwal, S. R. Kulkarni, D. Kushnir, C. Martin, M. Matuzewski, R. C. McGurk, A. A. Miller, J. Morag, J. D. Neil, P. E. Nugent, R. S. Post, N. Z. Prusinski, Y. Qin, A. Raichoor, R. Riddle, M. Rowe, B. Rusholme, I. Sfaradi, K. M. Sjoberg, M. Soumagnac, R. D. Stein, N. L. Strotjohann, J. H. Terwel, T. Wasserman, J. Wise, A. Wold, L. Yan, K. Zhang

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Physics and Astronomy

Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics
Weizmann Institute of Science
Department of Physics
Oskar Klein Centre
Astrophysics Research Institute
Liverpool John Moores University
The Oskar Klein Centre
Department of Astronomy
University of California at Berkeley
CSIC-INTA - Centro de Astrobiología (CAB)
European Southern Observatory
University of Geneva
Tsinghua University
Université Clermont Auvergne
Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy
Texas A&M University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
School of Physics
Trinity College Dublin
California Institute of Technology
Division of Physics
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics
W. M. Keck Observatory
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Northwestern University
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Post Observatory
Harvard University
Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes
Bar-Ilan University
Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics
University of California at San Diego

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

91 Scopus citations

Abstract

The early evolution of a supernova (SN) can reveal information about the environment and the progenitor star. When a star explodes in vacuum, the first photons to escape from its surface appear as a brief, hours-long shock-breakout flare^1,2, followed by a cooling phase of emission. However, for stars exploding within a distribution of dense, optically thick circumstellar material (CSM), the first photons escape from the material beyond the stellar edge and the duration of the initial flare can extend to several days, during which the escaping emission indicates photospheric heating³. Early serendipitous observations^2,4 that lacked ultraviolet (UV) data were unable to determine whether the early emission is heating or cooling and hence the nature of the early explosion event. Here we report UV spectra of the nearby SN 2023ixf in the galaxy Messier 101 (M101). Using the UV data as well as a comprehensive set of further multiwavelength observations, we temporally resolve the emergence of the explosion shock from a thick medium heated by the SN emission. We derive a reliable bolometric light curve that indicates that the shock breaks out from a dense layer with a radius substantially larger than typical supergiants.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	759-762
Number of pages	4
Journal	Nature
Volume	627
Issue number	8005
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07116-6
State	Published - 28 Mar 2024

Funding

Funders	Funder number
Stockholms Universitet
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
TNG
University of California Observatories
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo
Fundación Galileo Galilei of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
NOT
W. M. Keck Foundation
Turun Yliopisto
Christopher R. Redlich Fund
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Aarhus Universitet
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Københavns Universitet
National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
University of Warwick
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
California Institute of Technology
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
Heising-Simons Foundation
Trinity College Dublin
U.S. Department of Energy
Weizmann Institute of Science
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Universitetet i Oslo
Háskóli Íslands
University of California
IPAC
Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom
Liverpool John Moores University
Office of Science
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
University of Maryland, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron and Humboldt University
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
Division of Astronomical Sciences	AST-0950945
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	IN2P3
Comunidad de Madrid	2022-T1/TIC-24117
National Science Foundation	2034437
Northwestern University	1106171
High Energy Physics	DE–AC02–05CH11231
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	101004719
Science and Technology Facilities Council	ST/V00087X/1

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10.1038/s41586-024-07116-6

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Zimmerman, E. A., Irani, I., Chen, P., Gal-Yam, A., Schulze, S., Perley, D. A., Sollerman, J., Filippenko, A. V., Shenar, T., Yaron, O., Shahaf, S., Bruch, R. J., Ofek, E. O., De Cia, A., Brink, T. G., Yang, Y., Vasylyev, S. S., Ben Ami, S., Aubert, M., ... Zhang, K. (2024). The complex circumstellar environment of supernova 2023ixf. Nature, 627(8005), 759-762. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07116-6

@article{3801f65b55c0469a9424a776f1d0b6b8,

title = "The complex circumstellar environment of supernova 2023ixf",

abstract = "The early evolution of a supernova (SN) can reveal information about the environment and the progenitor star. When a star explodes in vacuum, the first photons to escape from its surface appear as a brief, hours-long shock-breakout flare1,2, followed by a cooling phase of emission. However, for stars exploding within a distribution of dense, optically thick circumstellar material (CSM), the first photons escape from the material beyond the stellar edge and the duration of the initial flare can extend to several days, during which the escaping emission indicates photospheric heating3. Early serendipitous observations2,4 that lacked ultraviolet (UV) data were unable to determine whether the early emission is heating or cooling and hence the nature of the early explosion event. Here we report UV spectra of the nearby SN 2023ixf in the galaxy Messier 101 (M101). Using the UV data as well as a comprehensive set of further multiwavelength observations, we temporally resolve the emergence of the explosion shock from a thick medium heated by the SN emission. We derive a reliable bolometric light curve that indicates that the shock breaks out from a dense layer with a radius substantially larger than typical supergiants.",

author = "Zimmerman, \{E. A.\} and I. Irani and P. Chen and A. Gal-Yam and S. Schulze and Perley, \{D. A.\} and J. Sollerman and Filippenko, \{A. V.\} and T. Shenar and O. Yaron and S. Shahaf and Bruch, \{R. J.\} and Ofek, \{E. O.\} and \{De Cia\}, A. and Brink, \{T. G.\} and Y. Yang and Vasylyev, \{S. S.\} and \{Ben Ami\}, S. and M. Aubert and A. Badash and Bloom, \{J. S.\} and Brown, \{P. J.\} and K. De and G. Dimitriadis and C. Fransson and C. Fremling and K. Hinds and A. Horesh and Johansson, \{J. P.\} and Kasliwal, \{M. M.\} and Kulkarni, \{S. R.\} and D. Kushnir and C. Martin and M. Matuzewski and McGurk, \{R. C.\} and Miller, \{A. A.\} and J. Morag and Neil, \{J. D.\} and Nugent, \{P. E.\} and Post, \{R. S.\} and Prusinski, \{N. Z.\} and Y. Qin and A. Raichoor and R. Riddle and M. Rowe and B. Rusholme and I. Sfaradi and Sjoberg, \{K. M.\} and M. Soumagnac and Stein, \{R. D.\} and Strotjohann, \{N. L.\} and Terwel, \{J. H.\} and T. Wasserman and J. Wise and A. Wold and L. Yan and K. Zhang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2024.",

year = "2024",

month = mar,

day = "28",

doi = "10.1038/s41586-024-07116-6",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "627",

pages = "759--762",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Nature Research",

number = "8005",

}

Zimmerman, EA, Irani, I, Chen, P, Gal-Yam, A, Schulze, S, Perley, DA, Sollerman, J, Filippenko, AV, Shenar, T, Yaron, O, Shahaf, S, Bruch, RJ, Ofek, EO, De Cia, A, Brink, TG, Yang, Y, Vasylyev, SS, Ben Ami, S, Aubert, M, Badash, A, Bloom, JS, Brown, PJ, De, K, Dimitriadis, G, Fransson, C, Fremling, C, Hinds, K, Horesh, A, Johansson, JP, Kasliwal, MM, Kulkarni, SR, Kushnir, D, Martin, C, Matuzewski, M, McGurk, RC, Miller, AA, Morag, J, Neil, JD, Nugent, PE, Post, RS, Prusinski, NZ, Qin, Y, Raichoor, A, Riddle, R, Rowe, M, Rusholme, B, Sfaradi, I, Sjoberg, KM, Soumagnac, M, Stein, RD, Strotjohann, NL, Terwel, JH, Wasserman, T, Wise, J, Wold, A, Yan, L & Zhang, K 2024, 'The complex circumstellar environment of supernova 2023ixf', Nature, vol. 627, no. 8005, pp. 759-762. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07116-6

TY - JOUR

T1 - The complex circumstellar environment of supernova 2023ixf

AU - Zimmerman, E. A.

AU - Irani, I.

AU - Chen, P.

AU - Gal-Yam, A.

AU - Schulze, S.

AU - Perley, D. A.

AU - Sollerman, J.

AU - Filippenko, A. V.

AU - Shenar, T.

AU - Yaron, O.

AU - Shahaf, S.

AU - Bruch, R. J.

AU - Ofek, E. O.

AU - De Cia, A.

AU - Brink, T. G.

AU - Yang, Y.

AU - Vasylyev, S. S.

AU - Ben Ami, S.

AU - Aubert, M.

AU - Badash, A.

AU - Bloom, J. S.

AU - Brown, P. J.

AU - De, K.

AU - Dimitriadis, G.

AU - Fransson, C.

AU - Fremling, C.

AU - Hinds, K.

AU - Horesh, A.

AU - Johansson, J. P.

AU - Kasliwal, M. M.

AU - Kulkarni, S. R.

AU - Kushnir, D.

AU - Martin, C.

AU - Matuzewski, M.

AU - McGurk, R. C.

AU - Miller, A. A.

AU - Morag, J.

AU - Neil, J. D.

AU - Nugent, P. E.

AU - Post, R. S.

AU - Prusinski, N. Z.

AU - Qin, Y.

AU - Raichoor, A.

AU - Riddle, R.

AU - Rowe, M.

AU - Rusholme, B.

AU - Sfaradi, I.

AU - Sjoberg, K. M.

AU - Soumagnac, M.

AU - Stein, R. D.

AU - Strotjohann, N. L.

AU - Terwel, J. H.

AU - Wasserman, T.

AU - Wise, J.

AU - Wold, A.

AU - Yan, L.

AU - Zhang, K.

PY - 2024/3/28

Y1 - 2024/3/28

N2 - The early evolution of a supernova (SN) can reveal information about the environment and the progenitor star. When a star explodes in vacuum, the first photons to escape from its surface appear as a brief, hours-long shock-breakout flare1,2, followed by a cooling phase of emission. However, for stars exploding within a distribution of dense, optically thick circumstellar material (CSM), the first photons escape from the material beyond the stellar edge and the duration of the initial flare can extend to several days, during which the escaping emission indicates photospheric heating3. Early serendipitous observations2,4 that lacked ultraviolet (UV) data were unable to determine whether the early emission is heating or cooling and hence the nature of the early explosion event. Here we report UV spectra of the nearby SN 2023ixf in the galaxy Messier 101 (M101). Using the UV data as well as a comprehensive set of further multiwavelength observations, we temporally resolve the emergence of the explosion shock from a thick medium heated by the SN emission. We derive a reliable bolometric light curve that indicates that the shock breaks out from a dense layer with a radius substantially larger than typical supergiants.

AB - The early evolution of a supernova (SN) can reveal information about the environment and the progenitor star. When a star explodes in vacuum, the first photons to escape from its surface appear as a brief, hours-long shock-breakout flare1,2, followed by a cooling phase of emission. However, for stars exploding within a distribution of dense, optically thick circumstellar material (CSM), the first photons escape from the material beyond the stellar edge and the duration of the initial flare can extend to several days, during which the escaping emission indicates photospheric heating3. Early serendipitous observations2,4 that lacked ultraviolet (UV) data were unable to determine whether the early emission is heating or cooling and hence the nature of the early explosion event. Here we report UV spectra of the nearby SN 2023ixf in the galaxy Messier 101 (M101). Using the UV data as well as a comprehensive set of further multiwavelength observations, we temporally resolve the emergence of the explosion shock from a thick medium heated by the SN emission. We derive a reliable bolometric light curve that indicates that the shock breaks out from a dense layer with a radius substantially larger than typical supergiants.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85188894094

U2 - 10.1038/s41586-024-07116-6

DO - 10.1038/s41586-024-07116-6

M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???

C2 - 38538936

AN - SCOPUS:85188894094

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 627

SP - 759

EP - 762

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 8005

ER -

The complex circumstellar environment of supernova 2023ixf

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