The complete sequence of the coding region of the ATM gene reveals similarity to cell cycle regulators in different species

Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive disorder involving cerebellar degeneration, immunodeficiency, radiation sensitivity, and cancer predisposition. A-T heterozygotes are moderately cancer prone. The A-T gene, designated ATM, was recently identified in our laboratory by positional cloning, and a partial cDNA clone was found to encode a polypeptide with a PI-3 kinase domain. We report here the molecular cloning of a cDNA contig spanning the complete open reading frame of the ATM gene. The predicted protein of 3056 amino acids shows significant sequence similarities to several large proteins in yeast, Drosophila and mammals, all of which share the PI-3 kinase domain. Many of these proteins are involved in the detection of DNA damage and the control of cell cycle progression. Mutations in their genes confer a variety of phenotypes with features similar to those observed in human A-T cells. The complete sequence of the ATM gene product provides useful clues to the function of this protein, and furthers understanding of the pleiotropic nature of the A-T mutations.