TY - JOUR
T1 - The Association Between Repeated Measured Febrile Episodes During Early Childhood and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
T2 - A Large-Scale Population-Based Study
AU - Israel, Ariel
AU - Merzon, Eugene
AU - Krone, Beth
AU - Faraone, Stephen V.
AU - Green, Ilan
AU - Golan Cohen, Avivit
AU - Vinker, Shlomo
AU - Cohen, Shira
AU - Ashkenazi, Shai
AU - Magen, Eli
AU - Weizman, Abraham
AU - Manor, Iris
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/3
Y1 - 2024/3
N2 - Objective: We examined the association between the number, magnitude, and frequency of febrile episodes during the 0 to 4 years of life and subsequent diagnosis of ADHD. Methods: This population-based case-control study in an Israeli HMO, Leumit Health Services (LHS), uses a database for all LHS members aged 5 to 18 years between 1/1/2002 and 1/30/2022. The number and magnitude of measured fever episodes during the 0 to 4 years were recorded in individuals with ADHD (N = 18,558) and individually matched non-ADHD controls in a 1:2 ratio (N = 37,116). Results: A significant, independent association was found between the number and magnitude of febrile episodes during the 0 to 4 years and the probability of a later diagnosis of ADHD. Children who never had a measured temperature >37.5°C had a significantly lower rate of ADHD (OR = 0.834, 95% CI [0.802, 0.866], p <.0001). Conclusions: Febrile episodes during 0 to 4 years are associated with a significantly increased rate of a later diagnosis of ADHD in a doseresponse relationship.
AB - Objective: We examined the association between the number, magnitude, and frequency of febrile episodes during the 0 to 4 years of life and subsequent diagnosis of ADHD. Methods: This population-based case-control study in an Israeli HMO, Leumit Health Services (LHS), uses a database for all LHS members aged 5 to 18 years between 1/1/2002 and 1/30/2022. The number and magnitude of measured fever episodes during the 0 to 4 years were recorded in individuals with ADHD (N = 18,558) and individually matched non-ADHD controls in a 1:2 ratio (N = 37,116). Results: A significant, independent association was found between the number and magnitude of febrile episodes during the 0 to 4 years and the probability of a later diagnosis of ADHD. Children who never had a measured temperature >37.5°C had a significantly lower rate of ADHD (OR = 0.834, 95% CI [0.802, 0.866], p <.0001). Conclusions: Febrile episodes during 0 to 4 years are associated with a significantly increased rate of a later diagnosis of ADHD in a doseresponse relationship.
KW - ADHD
KW - childhood
KW - dose-dependent
KW - fever
KW - neuro-inflammation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85183646503&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/10870547231215289
DO - 10.1177/10870547231215289
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C2 - 38281128
AN - SCOPUS:85183646503
SN - 1087-0547
VL - 28
SP - 677
EP - 685
JO - Journal of Attention Disorders
JF - Journal of Attention Disorders
IS - 5
ER -