The association between elevated body mass index and wide blood chemistry panel results in apparently healthy individuals

Background: Blood chemistry panel and body mass index (BMI) are common ways to evaluate individual health. The study aimed to compare a wide range of blood chemistry tests between obese, overweight, and normal weight populations that are otherwise apparently healthy. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of all adults (20-65 years) with BMI ≥18.5 kg/m² who underwent routine annual health check-ups. Participants who had any known morbidity or taking medication were excluded. BMI was categorized using the current World Health Organization criteria. After fasting, glucose, renal and liver functions, albumin and total protein levels, lipid profile, electrolytes levels and inflammatory marker were observed and compared between BMI categories. Results: The study included 10,211 adults (median BMI 25.1 kg/m², 48.8% normal weight, 39.7% overweight, 11.5% obese). The mean age was 40.78 years (SD 9.69) and 35.4% were female. Triglyceride level was 23.5% in overweight and 50.6% higher in obese participants (p < 0.001). Liver enzymes were higher in overweight (5.6-18.7%, p < 0.001) and obese participants (13.4-48.3%, p < 0.001). C-reactive protein level was 134% higher in overweight and 430% higher in obese participants (p < 0.001). Differences were also documented in other blood tests. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity were found to be associated with significant abnormalities in blood tests. A periodic wide panel of blood tests, especially for overweight and obese populations, is essential to identify and intervene as secondary prevention before the onset of symptoms.