@article{24d05e3b2dbf4997803616932f3303b4,
title = "The air-conditioning capacity of the human nose",
abstract = "The nose is the front line defender of the respiratory system. Unsteady simulations in three-dimensional models have been developed to study transport patterns in the human nose and its overall air-conditioning capacity. The results suggested that the healthy nose can efficiently provide about 90% of the heat and the water fluxes required to condition the ambient inspired air to near alveolar conditions in a variety of environmental conditions and independent of variations in internal structural components. The anatomical replica of the human nose showed the best performance and was able to provide 92% of the heating and 96% of the moisture needed to condition the inspired air to alveolar conditions. A detailed analysis explored the relative contribution of endonasal structural components to the air-conditioning process. During a moderate breathing effort, about 11% reduction in the efficacy of nasal air-conditioning capacity was observed.",
keywords = "Airflow, Heat transfer, Nasal cavity, Water-vapor exchange",
author = "Sara Naftali and Moshe Rosenfeld and Michael Wolf and David Elad",
note = "Funding Information: This work was partially supported by grant No. 97-00269 from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel.",
year = "2005",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1007/s10439-005-2513-4",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "33",
pages = "545--553",
journal = "Annals of Biomedical Engineering",
issn = "0090-6964",
publisher = "Springer",
number = "4",
}