TY - JOUR
T1 - Tetrada of the possible mycophenolate mofetil embryopathy
T2 - A review
AU - Merlob, Paul
AU - Stahl, Bracha
AU - Klinger, Gil
PY - 2009/7
Y1 - 2009/7
N2 - Mycophenolate mofetil (MFM) is an immunosuppressant agent used in organ transplantation, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus nephritis. Experimental data show that doses roughly equivalent to those used clinically in transplant patients may cause fetal resorption and malformations in pregnant rats and rabbits. There are limited data regarding the use of MFM in pregnant women. The human experience is based on 9 case reports, 1 case series, and 2 registry data. The most frequent structural anomalies described in 12 newborns exposed to MFM were as follows: microtia (11); auditory canal atresia (8); cleft lip and palate (6); micrognathia (4); hypertelorism (4); ocular coloboma (3); short fingers (2) and hypoplasic nails (2). The distinctive and unique phenotype associated with MFM exposure during pregnancy (EMFO tetrada: Ear, Mouth, Fingers, Ocular/Organ malformation) raised the hypothesis that MFM may be a real teratogenic drug. Appropriate recommendations to prevent this possible new embryopathy are given.
AB - Mycophenolate mofetil (MFM) is an immunosuppressant agent used in organ transplantation, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus nephritis. Experimental data show that doses roughly equivalent to those used clinically in transplant patients may cause fetal resorption and malformations in pregnant rats and rabbits. There are limited data regarding the use of MFM in pregnant women. The human experience is based on 9 case reports, 1 case series, and 2 registry data. The most frequent structural anomalies described in 12 newborns exposed to MFM were as follows: microtia (11); auditory canal atresia (8); cleft lip and palate (6); micrognathia (4); hypertelorism (4); ocular coloboma (3); short fingers (2) and hypoplasic nails (2). The distinctive and unique phenotype associated with MFM exposure during pregnancy (EMFO tetrada: Ear, Mouth, Fingers, Ocular/Organ malformation) raised the hypothesis that MFM may be a real teratogenic drug. Appropriate recommendations to prevent this possible new embryopathy are given.
KW - Embryopathy
KW - Immunosuppressant drugs
KW - Malformations
KW - Teratogen
KW - Toxicology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67349179645&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.02.007
DO - 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.02.007
M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.systematicreview???
C2 - 19491002
AN - SCOPUS:67349179645
SN - 0890-6238
VL - 28
SP - 105
EP - 108
JO - Reproductive Toxicology
JF - Reproductive Toxicology
IS - 1
ER -