TY - JOUR
T1 - Synergistic control of keratinocyte adhesion through muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes
AU - Nguyen, Vu Thuong
AU - Chernyavsky, Alexander I.
AU - Arredondo, Juan
AU - Bercovich, Dani
AU - Orr-Urtreger, Avi
AU - Vetter, Douglas E.
AU - Wess, Jürgen
AU - Beaudet, Arthur L.
AU - Kitajima, Yasuo
AU - Grando, Sergei A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the NIH grants DE14173 and GM62136 and research grants from the Unilever Research-USA, Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute, and Robert Leet and Clara Guthrie Patterson Trust to Dr. Grando. Part of this work was supported by a CRADA between the NIDDK (J. Wess) and the Eli Lilly Research Laboratories. Dr. Vetter is a Chestnut Hill Charitable Foundation Researcher.
PY - 2004/4/1
Y1 - 2004/4/1
N2 - The biological mechanisms involved in initiating, coordinating, and ultimately terminating cell - cell adhesion in the stratified epithelium are not well understood at present. This study was designed to elucidate the roles of the muscarinic M3, the nicotinic α3, and the mixed muscarinic - nicotinic α9 acetylcholine receptors in physiologic control of keratinocyte adhesion. Both muscarinic and nicotinic antagonists caused keratinocyte detachment and reversibly increased the permeability of keratinocyte monolayers, indicative of the involvement of both muscarinic and nicotinic pathways in the cholinergic control of keratinocyte adhesion. Since phosphorylation of adhesion proteins plays an important role in rapid assembly and disassembly of intercellular junctions, we measured muscarinic and nicotinic effects on phosphorylation of keratinocyte adhesion molecules. The phosphorylation levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and γ-catenin increased following pharmacological blockage of muscarinic receptors. Long-term blocking of α3, α9, and M3 receptor signaling pathways with antisense oligonucleotides resulted in cell-cell detachment and changes in the expression levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and γ-catenin in cultured human keratinocytes. Simultaneous inhibition of several receptor subtypes with a mixture of antisense oligonucleotides produced intensified abnormalities with cell adhesion. Moreover, altered cell-cell adhesion was found in the stratified epithelium of α3, α9, and M3 receptor knockout mice. Keratinocytes from these mice exhibited abnormal expression of adhesion molecules at both the protein and the mRNA levels. Thus, our data indicate that the α3, α9, and M3 acetylcholine receptors play key roles in regulating in a synergistic mode keratinocyte adhesion, most probably by modulating cadherin and catenin levels and activities. These findings may aid in the development of novel methods useful for the treatment of skin adhesion diseases and tumor metastasis.
AB - The biological mechanisms involved in initiating, coordinating, and ultimately terminating cell - cell adhesion in the stratified epithelium are not well understood at present. This study was designed to elucidate the roles of the muscarinic M3, the nicotinic α3, and the mixed muscarinic - nicotinic α9 acetylcholine receptors in physiologic control of keratinocyte adhesion. Both muscarinic and nicotinic antagonists caused keratinocyte detachment and reversibly increased the permeability of keratinocyte monolayers, indicative of the involvement of both muscarinic and nicotinic pathways in the cholinergic control of keratinocyte adhesion. Since phosphorylation of adhesion proteins plays an important role in rapid assembly and disassembly of intercellular junctions, we measured muscarinic and nicotinic effects on phosphorylation of keratinocyte adhesion molecules. The phosphorylation levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and γ-catenin increased following pharmacological blockage of muscarinic receptors. Long-term blocking of α3, α9, and M3 receptor signaling pathways with antisense oligonucleotides resulted in cell-cell detachment and changes in the expression levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and γ-catenin in cultured human keratinocytes. Simultaneous inhibition of several receptor subtypes with a mixture of antisense oligonucleotides produced intensified abnormalities with cell adhesion. Moreover, altered cell-cell adhesion was found in the stratified epithelium of α3, α9, and M3 receptor knockout mice. Keratinocytes from these mice exhibited abnormal expression of adhesion molecules at both the protein and the mRNA levels. Thus, our data indicate that the α3, α9, and M3 acetylcholine receptors play key roles in regulating in a synergistic mode keratinocyte adhesion, most probably by modulating cadherin and catenin levels and activities. These findings may aid in the development of novel methods useful for the treatment of skin adhesion diseases and tumor metastasis.
KW - E-cadherin
KW - Intercellular adhesion
KW - Keratinocytes
KW - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors M
KW - Nicotinic cholinergic receptors α3 and α9
KW - γ- and β-catenins
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=12144287746&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.12.010
DO - 10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.12.010
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C2 - 15023540
AN - SCOPUS:12144287746
SN - 0014-4827
VL - 294
SP - 534
EP - 549
JO - Experimental Cell Research
JF - Experimental Cell Research
IS - 2
ER -
