TY - JOUR
T1 - Sub-photospheric emission from relativistic radiation mediated shocks in GRBs
AU - Bromberg, Omer
AU - Mikolitzky, Ziv
AU - Levinson, Amir
PY - 2011/6/1
Y1 - 2011/6/1
N2 - It is proposed that the prompt emission observed in bursts that exhibit a thermal component originates from relativistic radiation mediated shocks (RRMS) that form below the photosphere of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) outflow. It is argued that such shocks are expected to form in luminous bursts via collisions of shells that propagate with moderate Lorentz factors Γ ≲ 500. Faster shells will collide above the photosphere to form collisionless shocks. We demonstrate that in events like GRB 090902B a substantial fraction of the explosion energy is dissipated below the photosphere, in a region of moderate optical depth τ ≲ 300, whereas in GRB 080916C the major fraction of the energy dissipates above the photosphere. We show that under conditions anticipated in many GRBs, such RRMS convect enough radiation upstream to render photon production in the shock transition negligible, unlike the case of shock breakout in supernovae. The resulting spectrum, as measured in the shock frame, has a relatively low thermal peak, followed by a broad, nonthermal component extending up to the Klein-Nishina limit.
AB - It is proposed that the prompt emission observed in bursts that exhibit a thermal component originates from relativistic radiation mediated shocks (RRMS) that form below the photosphere of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) outflow. It is argued that such shocks are expected to form in luminous bursts via collisions of shells that propagate with moderate Lorentz factors Γ ≲ 500. Faster shells will collide above the photosphere to form collisionless shocks. We demonstrate that in events like GRB 090902B a substantial fraction of the explosion energy is dissipated below the photosphere, in a region of moderate optical depth τ ≲ 300, whereas in GRB 080916C the major fraction of the energy dissipates above the photosphere. We show that under conditions anticipated in many GRBs, such RRMS convect enough radiation upstream to render photon production in the shock transition negligible, unlike the case of shock breakout in supernovae. The resulting spectrum, as measured in the shock frame, has a relatively low thermal peak, followed by a broad, nonthermal component extending up to the Klein-Nishina limit.
KW - ISM: jets and outflows
KW - gamma-ray burst: general
KW - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
KW - radiative transfer
KW - relativistic processes
KW - shock waves
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79956361636&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/733/2/85
DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/733/2/85
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AN - SCOPUS:79956361636
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 733
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
IS - 2
M1 - 85
ER -