@article{81cb545ad2bc44a39a3220c9cb0c9c0b,
title = "Solar wind interactions with Comet 19P/Borrelly",
abstract = "The Plasma Experiment for Planetary Exploration (PEPE) made detailed observations of the plasma environment of Comet 19P/Borrelly during the Deep Space (DS1) flyby on September 22, 2001. Several distinct regions and boundaries have been identified on both inbound and outbound trajectories, including an upstream region of decelerated solar wind plasma and cometary ion pickup, the cometary bow shock, a sheath of heated and mixed solar wind and cometary ions, and a collisional inner coma dominated by cometary ions. All of these features were significantly offset to the north of the nucleus-Sun line, suggesting that the coma itself produces this offset, possibly because of well-collimated large dayside jets directed 8°-10° northward from the nucleus as observed by the DS1 MICAS camera. The maximum observed ion density was 1640 ion/cm3 at a distance of 2650 km from the nucleus while the flow speed dropped from 360 km/s in the solar wind to 8 km/s at closest approach. Preliminary analysis of PEPE mass spectra suggest that the ratio of CO+/H2O+ is lower than that observed with Giotto at 1P/Halley.",
keywords = "Comets, composition, Comets, dynamics, Solar wind",
author = "Young, {D. T.} and Crary, {F. J.} and Nordholt, {J. E.} and F. Bagenal and D. Boice and Burch, {J. L.} and A. Eviatar and R. Goldstein and Hanley, {J. J.} and Lawrence, {D. J.} and McComas, {D. J.} and R. Meier and D. Reisenfeld and K. Sauer and Wiens, {R. C.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Southwest Research Institute (IR project 15.R9771) and Los Alamos National Laboratory/Department of Energy (WO-9165), which supported initial research and development of the PEPE instrument. We also express our thanks to many exceptional engineers and technicians at Southwest Research Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for their dedication to the development and operation of the PEPE instrument. We also thank S.P. Gary and M.F. Thomsen of Los Alamos for their support. PEPE development, operations, and (minimal) data analysis were supported by NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under contracts 960439, 960619, 961207 to Southwest Research Institute, Agreement #DE-FI04-00AL66167 with LANL, and 1216657 to the University of Michigan.",
year = "2004",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1016/j.icarus.2003.09.011",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "167",
pages = "80--88",
journal = "Icarus",
issn = "0019-1035",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
number = "1",
}