TY - JOUR
T1 - Solar exposure and residential geographic history in relation to exfoliation syndrome in the United States and Israel
AU - Pasquale, Louis R.
AU - Jiwani, Aliya Z.
AU - Zehavi-Dorin, Tzukit
AU - Majd, Arow
AU - Rhee, Douglas J.
AU - Chen, Teresa
AU - Turalba, Angela
AU - Shen, Lucy
AU - Brauner, Stacey
AU - Grosskreutz, Cynthia
AU - Gardiner, Matthew
AU - Chen, Sherleen
AU - Borboli-Gerogiannis, Sheila
AU - Greenstein, Scott H.
AU - Chang, Kenneth
AU - Ritch, Robert
AU - Loomis, Stephanie
AU - Kang, Jae H.
AU - Wiggs, Janey L.
AU - Levkovitch-Verbin, Hani
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
PY - 2014/12/1
Y1 - 2014/12/1
N2 - IMPORTANCE: Residential (geographic) history and extent of solar exposure may be important risk factors for exfoliation syndrome (XFS) but, to our knowledge, detailed lifetime solar exposure has not been previously evaluated in XFS.OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation between residential history, solar exposure, and XFS.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Lifetime outdoor activitiesmay contribute to XFS. The association with work over snow or water and the lack of association with brimmed hat wear suggests that ocular exposure to light from reflective surfacesmay be an important type of exposure in XFS etiology.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This clinic-based case-control studywas conducted in the United States and Israel. It involved XFS cases and control individuals (all≥60-year-old white individuals) enrolled from 2010 to 2012 (United States: 118 cases and 106 control participants; Israel: 67 cases and 72 control participants).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Weighted lifetime average latitude of residence and average number of hours per week spent outdoors as determined by validated questionnaires.RESULTS: In multivariable analyses, each degree of weighted lifetime average residential latitude away from the equator was associated with 11% increased odds of XFS (pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95%CI, 1.05-1.17; P < .001). Furthermore, every hour per week spent outdoors during the summer, averaged over a lifetime, was associated with 4%increased odds of XFS (pooled OR, 1.04; 95%CI, 1.00-1.07; P = .03). For every 1% of average lifetime summer time between 10 AM and 4 PM that sunglasses were worn, the odds of XFS decreased by 2%(OR, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.97-0.99; P < .001) in the United States but not in Israel (OR, 1.00; 95%CI, 0.99-1.01; P = .92; P for heterogeneity = .005). In the United States, after controlling for important environmental covariates, history of work over water or snow was associated withincreased odds of XFS (OR, 3.86; 95%CI, 1.36-10.9); in Israel, there were too few people with such history for analysis.We did not identify an association between brimmed hat wear and XFS (P > .57).
AB - IMPORTANCE: Residential (geographic) history and extent of solar exposure may be important risk factors for exfoliation syndrome (XFS) but, to our knowledge, detailed lifetime solar exposure has not been previously evaluated in XFS.OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation between residential history, solar exposure, and XFS.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Lifetime outdoor activitiesmay contribute to XFS. The association with work over snow or water and the lack of association with brimmed hat wear suggests that ocular exposure to light from reflective surfacesmay be an important type of exposure in XFS etiology.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This clinic-based case-control studywas conducted in the United States and Israel. It involved XFS cases and control individuals (all≥60-year-old white individuals) enrolled from 2010 to 2012 (United States: 118 cases and 106 control participants; Israel: 67 cases and 72 control participants).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Weighted lifetime average latitude of residence and average number of hours per week spent outdoors as determined by validated questionnaires.RESULTS: In multivariable analyses, each degree of weighted lifetime average residential latitude away from the equator was associated with 11% increased odds of XFS (pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95%CI, 1.05-1.17; P < .001). Furthermore, every hour per week spent outdoors during the summer, averaged over a lifetime, was associated with 4%increased odds of XFS (pooled OR, 1.04; 95%CI, 1.00-1.07; P = .03). For every 1% of average lifetime summer time between 10 AM and 4 PM that sunglasses were worn, the odds of XFS decreased by 2%(OR, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.97-0.99; P < .001) in the United States but not in Israel (OR, 1.00; 95%CI, 0.99-1.01; P = .92; P for heterogeneity = .005). In the United States, after controlling for important environmental covariates, history of work over water or snow was associated withincreased odds of XFS (OR, 3.86; 95%CI, 1.36-10.9); in Israel, there were too few people with such history for analysis.We did not identify an association between brimmed hat wear and XFS (P > .57).
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84918538447&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.3326
DO - 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.3326
M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???
C2 - 25188364
AN - SCOPUS:84918538447
SN - 2168-6165
VL - 132
SP - 1439
EP - 1445
JO - JAMA Ophthalmology
JF - JAMA Ophthalmology
IS - 12
ER -