Sequence and Structure Analysis of Parallel β Helices: Implication for Constructing Amyloid Structural Models

Hui Hsu (Gavin) Tsai*, Kannan Gunasekaran, Ruth Nussinov

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

38 Scopus citations

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that amyloids and parallel β helices may share similar motifs. A systemic analysis of β helices is performed to examine their sequence and structural characteristics. Ile prefers to occur in β strands. In contrast, Pro is disfavored, compatible with the underlying assumption in Pro-scanning mutagenesis. Cys, Asn, and Phe form significant homostacking (identical amino acid interactions). Asn is highly conserved in the high-energy, left-handed α-helical conformation, where it frequently forms amide stacking. Based on the observed prominent stacking of chemically similar residues in parallel β helices, we propose that within the "cross-β" framework, amyloids with longer peptide chains may have common structural features of in-register, parallel alignment, with the side chains forming identical amino acid ladders. The requirement of ladder formation limits the combinations of side chain interactions. Such a limit combined with environmental conditions (e.g., pH, concentration) could be a major reason for the ability of most polypeptides to form amyloids.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1059-1072
Number of pages14
JournalStructure
Volume14
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2006

Funding

FundersFunder number
Adams Brain Center
National Institutes of HealthNO1-CO-12400
National Cancer InstituteZ01BC010441
Academy of Leisure Sciences
National Science CouncilNSC 94-2119-M-008-020
Israel Science Foundation
National Central University

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