Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3e83

Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of signals, and (4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by (1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and (2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the nondetection of GW lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects.

Original language	English
Article number	191
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	970
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3e83
State	Published - 1 Aug 2024
Externally published	Yes

Funding

Funders	Funder number
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
Ministry of Education, India
Australian Research Council
ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research
National Research Foundation of Korea
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen
Conselleria d’Innovació Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana
Scottish Universities Physics Alliance
National Science Foundation
CERCA Program Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
Science and Technology Facilities Council
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning
Scottish Funding Council
Actions de Recherche Concertées
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
French Lyon Institute of Origins
Conselleria d'Innovació Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana
Leverhulme Trust
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information
Science and Engineering Research Board
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Conselleria de Fons Europeus, Universitat i Cultura
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Canada Foundation for Innovation
Kavli Foundation
Ministerio de Universidades
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal
European Commission
European Social Fund Plus
Russian Foundation for Basic Research
U.S. Department of Energy
Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee
Academia Sinica
Direcció General de Política Universitària i Recerca, Govern Illes Balears
Russian Science Foundation
National Science and Technology Council
College of Natural Resources and Sciences, Humboldt State University
Narodowym Centrum Nauki
Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej
Hungarian Scientific Research Fund
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
Royal Society
National Research Foundation
European Regional Development Fund
European Union-European Regional Development Fund
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen
University of Tokyo
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science	17H06133, JP20H05854, JP17H06361, 20A203, JP17H06364, JP17H06358, 20H05639
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia	Incentivo/SAU/LA0001/2013

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10.3847/1538-4357/ad3e83

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@article{3e5090ce1e214f829162e9d505e42d16,

title = "Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network",

abstract = "Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of signals, and (4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by (1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and (2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the nondetection of GW lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects.",

author = "{The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration} and R. Abbott and H. Abe and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and S. Adhicary and N. Adhikari and Adhikari, {R. X.} and Adkins, {V. K.} and Adya, {V. B.} and C. Affeldt and D. Agarwal and M. Agathos and Aguiar, {O. D.} and L. Aiello and A. Ain and P. Ajith and T. Akutsu and S. Albanesi and Alfaidi, {R. A.} and C. All{\'e}n{\'e} and A. Allocca and Altin, {P. A.} and A. Amato and S. Anand and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, {S. B.} and Anderson, {W. G.} and M. Ando and T. Andrade and N. Andres and M. Andr{\'e}s-Carcasona and T. Andri{\'c} and S. Ansoldi and Antelis, {J. M.} and S. Antier and T. Apostolatos and Appavuravther, {E. Z.} and S. Appert and Apple, {S. K.} and K. Arai and A. Araya and Araya, {M. C.} and Areeda, {J. S.} and M. Ar{\`e}ne and N. Aritomi and N. Arnaud and M. Arogeti and Aronson, {S. M.} and H. Asada and J. Scheuer",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024. The Author(s)",

year = "2024",

month = aug,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ad3e83",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "970",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network

AU - The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration

AU - Abbott, R.

AU - Abe, H.

AU - Acernese, F.

AU - Ackley, K.

AU - Adhicary, S.

AU - Adhikari, N.

AU - Adhikari, R. X.

AU - Adkins, V. K.

AU - Adya, V. B.

AU - Affeldt, C.

AU - Agarwal, D.

AU - Agathos, M.

AU - Aguiar, O. D.

AU - Aiello, L.

AU - Ain, A.

AU - Ajith, P.

AU - Akutsu, T.

AU - Albanesi, S.

AU - Alfaidi, R. A.

AU - Alléné, C.

AU - Allocca, A.

AU - Altin, P. A.

AU - Amato, A.

AU - Anand, S.

AU - Ananyeva, A.

AU - Anderson, S. B.

AU - Anderson, W. G.

AU - Ando, M.

AU - Andrade, T.

AU - Andres, N.

AU - Andrés-Carcasona, M.

AU - Andrić, T.

AU - Ansoldi, S.

AU - Antelis, J. M.

AU - Antier, S.

AU - Apostolatos, T.

AU - Appavuravther, E. Z.

AU - Appert, S.

AU - Apple, S. K.

AU - Arai, K.

AU - Araya, A.

AU - Araya, M. C.

AU - Areeda, J. S.

AU - Arène, M.

AU - Aritomi, N.

AU - Arnaud, N.

AU - Arogeti, M.

AU - Aronson, S. M.

AU - Asada, H.

AU - Scheuer, J.

PY - 2024/8/1

Y1 - 2024/8/1

N2 - Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of signals, and (4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by (1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and (2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the nondetection of GW lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects.

AB - Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of signals, and (4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by (1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and (2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the nondetection of GW lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects.

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AN - SCOPUS:85201160074

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 970

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

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M1 - 191

ER -

Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network

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