TY - JOUR
T1 - Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) leaves harbour robust antimicrobial activity
AU - Joseph, Gili
AU - Koltai, Hinanit
AU - Ron, Eliora Z.
AU - Azzam, Naiel
AU - Hazan, Haim
AU - Raskin, Ilya
AU - Mengeritsky, Galina
AU - Mazuz, Moran
AU - Shalev, Nurit
AU - Biran, Dvora
AU - Poulev, Alexander
AU - Fridlender, Bertold
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/9
Y1 - 2023/9
N2 - Introduction: Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) has various medicinal properties, with the antibacterial activity of its fruit particularly well known. Building on earlier research, this project focused instead on the less-studied antimicrobial effect of Rhus coriaria L. leaves. Methods: Leaf extracts were fractionated and sub-fractionated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The most active subfraction (Rs5) was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). The antibacterial activity of the extracts was assessed according to well- and disk-diffusion methods. Results: Crude leaf extracts, their fractions, and subfractions all showed substantial antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.2–3.1 mg/mL, depending on the fraction and the bacteria species. Subfraction Rs5 had the strongest antibacterial activity with a MIC of 0.4 mg/mL. Rs5 incorporated into a commercial eye drop formula also exhibited antibacterial activity. Notably, the crude leaf extract also showed antifungal activity against the agricultural pest B. cinerea. LCMS analysis revealed that Rs5 subfraction contains mainly flavonoids, tannins, and antioxidants, which may be the active compounds. Conclusions: Rhus coriaria L. crude leaf extracts and their fractions exhibit antimicrobial activity. The leaves, available in greater quantities and regularly throughout the year in comparison to the plant's fruit, are therefore a cheaper and more effective resource for developing sumac-based antimicrobial products to be used in the food and agricultural industries.
AB - Introduction: Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) has various medicinal properties, with the antibacterial activity of its fruit particularly well known. Building on earlier research, this project focused instead on the less-studied antimicrobial effect of Rhus coriaria L. leaves. Methods: Leaf extracts were fractionated and sub-fractionated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The most active subfraction (Rs5) was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). The antibacterial activity of the extracts was assessed according to well- and disk-diffusion methods. Results: Crude leaf extracts, their fractions, and subfractions all showed substantial antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.2–3.1 mg/mL, depending on the fraction and the bacteria species. Subfraction Rs5 had the strongest antibacterial activity with a MIC of 0.4 mg/mL. Rs5 incorporated into a commercial eye drop formula also exhibited antibacterial activity. Notably, the crude leaf extract also showed antifungal activity against the agricultural pest B. cinerea. LCMS analysis revealed that Rs5 subfraction contains mainly flavonoids, tannins, and antioxidants, which may be the active compounds. Conclusions: Rhus coriaria L. crude leaf extracts and their fractions exhibit antimicrobial activity. The leaves, available in greater quantities and regularly throughout the year in comparison to the plant's fruit, are therefore a cheaper and more effective resource for developing sumac-based antimicrobial products to be used in the food and agricultural industries.
KW - Antibacterial
KW - Antimicrobial agent
KW - Leaf
KW - Rhus coriaria L.
KW - Sumac
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85172465469&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100729
DO - 10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100729
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AN - SCOPUS:85172465469
SN - 2210-8033
VL - 41
JO - Journal of Herbal Medicine
JF - Journal of Herbal Medicine
M1 - 100729
ER -