@article{2f217aec853f45d78a5a4c5596e6afbc,
title = "Responses in rat core auditory cortex are preserved during sleep spindle oscillations",
abstract = "Study Objectives: Sleep is defined as a reversible state of reduction in sensory responsiveness and immobility. A long-standing hypothesis suggests that a high arousal threshold during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is mediated by sleep spindle oscillations, impairing thalamocortical transmission of incoming sensory stimuli. Here we set out to test this idea directly by examining sensory-evoked neuronal spiking activity during natural sleep. Methods: We compared neuronal (n = 269) and multiunit activity (MUA), as well as local field potentials (LFP) in rat core auditory cortex (A1) during NREM sleep, comparing responses to sounds depending on the presence or absence of sleep spindles. Results: We found that sleep spindles robustly modulated the timing of neuronal discharges in A1. However, responses to sounds were nearly identical for all measured signals including isolated neurons, MUA, and LFPs (all differences < 10\%). Furthermore, in 10\% of trials, auditory stimulation led to an early termination of the sleep spindle oscillation around 150 250 msec following stimulus onset. Finally, active ON states and inactive OFF periods during slow waves in NREM sleep affected the auditory response in opposite ways, depending on stimulus intensity. Conclusions: Responses in core auditory cortex are well preserved regardless of sleep spindles recorded in that area, suggesting that thalamocortical sensory relay remains functional during sleep spindles, and that sensory disconnection in sleep is mediated by other mechanisms.",
keywords = "Auditory cortex, LFP, NREM sleep, Rat, Single-unit, Sleep spindles",
author = "Yaniv Sela and Vyazovskiy, \{Vladyslav V.\} and Chiara Cirelli and Giulio Tononi and Yuval Nir",
note = "Funding Information: This was not an industry supported study. This work was supported by the Human Frontier Science Program Organization long-term fellowship to Dr. Nir, the I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee and the Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 51/11), the Marguerite Stolz Research Fellowship Fund to Dr. Nir, the Sagol School of Neuroscience fellowship to Yaniv Sela., NIMH grant R01MH099231 to Dr. Cirelli and Dr. Tononi, and NINDS grant P01NS083514 to Dr. Cirelli and Dr. Tononi. Dr. Tononi is involved in a research study in humans supported by Philips Respironics. This study is not related to the work presented in the current manuscript. The other authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.",
year = "2016",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.5665/sleep.5758",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "39",
pages = "1069--1082",
journal = "Sleep",
issn = "0161-8105",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "5",
}