Religion as problem, religion as solution: religious buffers of the links between religious/spiritual struggles and well-being/mental health

Hisham Abu-Raiya*, Kenneth I. Pargament, Neal Krause

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

118 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: Previous studies have established robust links between religious/spiritual struggles (r/s struggles) and poorer well-being and psychological distress. A critical issue involves identifying the religious factors that buffer this relationship. This is the first study to empirically address this question. Specifically, it examines four religious factors (i.e., religious commitment, life sanctification, religious support, religious hope) as potential buffers of the links between r/s struggle and one indicator of subjective well-being (i.e., happiness) and one indicator of psychological distress (i.e., depressive symptoms). Method: We utilized a cross-sectional design and a nationally representative sample of American adults (N = 2140) dealing with a wide range of major life stressors. Results: We found that the interactions between r/s struggle and all potential moderators were significant in predicting happiness and/or depression. The linkage between r/s struggle and lower levels of happiness was moderated by higher levels of each of the four proposed religious buffers. Religious commitment and life sanctification moderated the ties between r/s struggles and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The findings underscore the multifaceted character of religion: Paradoxically, religion may be a source of solutions to problems that may be an inherent part of religious life.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1265-1274
Number of pages10
JournalQuality of Life Research
Volume25
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 May 2016

Funding

FundersFunder number
John Templeton Foundation

    Keywords

    • Depressive symptoms
    • Happiness
    • Religious commitment
    • Religious hope
    • Religious support
    • Religious/spiritual struggles
    • Sanctification

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