TY - JOUR
T1 - Regulation of Th1 cells and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by glycogen synthase kinase-3
AU - Beurel, Eléonore
AU - Kaidanovich-Beilin, Oksana
AU - Yeh, Wen I.
AU - Song, Ling
AU - Palomo, Valle
AU - Michalek, Suzanne M.
AU - Woodgett, James R.
AU - Harrington, Laurie E.
AU - Eldar-Finkelman, Hagit
AU - Martinez, Ana
AU - Jope, Richard S.
PY - 2013/5/15
Y1 - 2013/5/15
N2 - Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a rodent model of multiple sclerosis (MS), a debilitating autoimmune disease of the CNS, for which only limited therapeutic interventions are available. Because MS is mediated in part by autoreactive T cells, particularly Th17 and Th1 cells, in the current study, we tested whether inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), previously reported to reduce Th17 cell generation, also alter Th1 cell production or alleviate EAE. GSK3 inhibitors were found to impede the production of Th1 cells by reducing STAT1 activation. Molecularly reducing the expression of either of the two GSK3 isoforms demonstrated that Th17 cell production was sensitive to reduced levels of GSK3b and Th1 cell production was inhibited in GSK3a-deficient cells. Administration of the selective GSK3 inhibitors TDZD-8, VP2.51, VP0.7, or L803-mts significantly reduced the clinical symptoms of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55-induced EAE in mice, nearly eliminating the chronic progressive phase, and reduced the number of Th17 and Th1 cells in the spinal cord. Administration of TDZD-8 or L803-mts after the initial disease episode alleviated clinical symptoms in a relapsing-remitting model of proteolipid protein139-151-induced EAE. Furthermore, deletion of GSK3b specifically in T cells was sufficient to alleviate myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55-induced EAE. These results demonstrate the isoform-selective effects of GSK3 on T cell generation and the therapeutic effects of GSK3 inhibitors in EAE, as well as showing that GSK3 inhibition in T cells is sufficient to reduce the severity of EAE, suggesting that GSK3 may be a feasible target for developing new therapeutic interventions for MS.
AB - Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a rodent model of multiple sclerosis (MS), a debilitating autoimmune disease of the CNS, for which only limited therapeutic interventions are available. Because MS is mediated in part by autoreactive T cells, particularly Th17 and Th1 cells, in the current study, we tested whether inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), previously reported to reduce Th17 cell generation, also alter Th1 cell production or alleviate EAE. GSK3 inhibitors were found to impede the production of Th1 cells by reducing STAT1 activation. Molecularly reducing the expression of either of the two GSK3 isoforms demonstrated that Th17 cell production was sensitive to reduced levels of GSK3b and Th1 cell production was inhibited in GSK3a-deficient cells. Administration of the selective GSK3 inhibitors TDZD-8, VP2.51, VP0.7, or L803-mts significantly reduced the clinical symptoms of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55-induced EAE in mice, nearly eliminating the chronic progressive phase, and reduced the number of Th17 and Th1 cells in the spinal cord. Administration of TDZD-8 or L803-mts after the initial disease episode alleviated clinical symptoms in a relapsing-remitting model of proteolipid protein139-151-induced EAE. Furthermore, deletion of GSK3b specifically in T cells was sufficient to alleviate myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55-induced EAE. These results demonstrate the isoform-selective effects of GSK3 on T cell generation and the therapeutic effects of GSK3 inhibitors in EAE, as well as showing that GSK3 inhibition in T cells is sufficient to reduce the severity of EAE, suggesting that GSK3 may be a feasible target for developing new therapeutic interventions for MS.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84877817248&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4049/jimmunol.1203057
DO - 10.4049/jimmunol.1203057
M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???
C2 - 23606540
AN - SCOPUS:84877817248
SN - 0022-1767
VL - 190
SP - 5000
EP - 5011
JO - Journal of Immunology
JF - Journal of Immunology
IS - 10
ER -