@article{53ae9e1a0f144733a0e824163088eea1,
title = "Reduced Medial Olivocochlear Bundle System Function in Children with Auditory Processing Disorders",
abstract = "A common complaint of children with auditory processing disorders (APD) is difficulty in understanding speech in the presence of background noise. Evidence from animal and human studies has suggested that the medial olivocochlear bundle (MOCB) may play a role in hearing in noise. The MOCB function can be evaluated by the suppression effect of the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) in response to contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS). The present study was conducted to investigate the suppression effect of TEOAE in APD children. The study groups comprised 15 APD children aged 8-13 years associated with learning disabilities and 15 controls matched for gender and age. The suppression effect of TEOAE was evaluated by comparing the TEOAE levels with and without CAS. A significantly reduced suppression effect of TEOAE was demonstrated in the APD group, when compared to the controls. In addition, higher TEOAE levels were found in the APD group, suggesting inherent reduced MOCB activity on the outer hair cells in APD children. These results imply that some APD children present low activity of the MOCB system, which may indicate a reduced auditory inhibitory function and affect their ability to hear in the presence of background noise.",
keywords = "Auditory processing disorders, Children, Contralateral suppression, Efferent system, Medial olivocochlear bundle, Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions",
author = "Chava Muchnika and Roth, {Daphne Ari Even} and Rima Othman-Jebara and Hanna Putter-Katz and Shabtai, {Esther L.} and Minka Hildesheimer",
note = "Funding Information: We extend our utmost gratitude to the Focal Points of the Programme of Work on Protected Areas (PoWPA) of the Convention on Biological Diversity, our partners and friends in PoWPA, and participants of our regional capacity-building workshops, for their unending support and contributions. We would also like to thank Dr Naomi Kingston, Head of Programme, Protected Areas and Dr Brian MacSharry, Senior Programme Officer, Protected Areas and Project Manager of the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) and associated products including the Protected Planet Report, at the UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and our partners at the IUCN for their provision of updated data and information, inter alia, from the WDPA; Dr Stuart Butchart, Head of Science at BirdLife International for providing us with an analysis of the coverage of Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) by protected areas; as well as Dr Gr{\'e}goire Dubois, Director for Sustainable Resources, and Mr Bastien Bertzky, Protected Area Specialist, at the European Commission{\textquoteright}s Joint Research Centre for sharing results of analyses on protected area coverage of terrestrial and marine ecoregions. Additionally, this work, among others, was made possible through the generous funding support of the Governments of Japan (Japan Biodiversity Fund), the Republic of Korea, and Germany (Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)), as well as the European Commission. Finally, the authors assume full responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in this article, that may not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of any organisations.",
year = "2004",
doi = "10.1159/000076001",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "9",
pages = "107--114",
journal = "Audiology and Neuro-Otology",
issn = "1420-3030",
publisher = "S. Karger AG",
number = "2",
}