Ras inhibition attenuates pancreatic cell death and experimental type 1 diabetes: Possible role of regulatory T cells

Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a crucial role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and prevention of autoimmune diseases. Ras inhibition by 5-fluoro-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (F-FTS) was recently shown to increase the number and boost the suppressive function of Treg, thereby reducing the incidence of experimental diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. To investigate the effect of F-FTS on pancreatic beta cells and the possible involvement of Treg in such an effect, we evaluated the incidence of diabetes and assayed the pancreatic expression of Foxp3, cleaved caspase 3, and Ras-GTP expression in NOD mice treated with different doses of F-FTS. The treated mice showed attenuated progression of experimental diabetes, accompanied by an increase in serum insulin. Daily injections of F-FTS led to an increase in both the number and the migratory capacity of pancreatic Foxp3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg, while cleaved caspase 3 in the pancreas were significantly decreased, indicating reduced apoptosis. The Treg population induced by F-FTS helped to preserve pancreatic beta-cell viability in the presence of effector T cells. These findings suggest that inhibition of Ras by F-FTS in mice with experimental diabetes upregulates the Treg pool, which infiltrates the pancreas and attenuates the apoptotic cell death of beta cells. It thus appears that F-FTS induces Treg to play a protective role in the progression of experimental type-1 diabetes, suggesting that these cells represent a potential target for the treatment of this disorder.