@article{a6bd2534bd5d4c9ab89b7ed1f68abf08,
title = "Quantitation of shock wave cavitation damage in vitro",
abstract = "Acoustic cavitation damage was quantitated using aluminum foil targets placed within 2-mL polypropylene cryovials. The vials contained various media tested for their potential to support cavitation and were exposed to shock waves using an unmodified Dornier HM3 lithotripter. Foil damage, expressed in terms of a 'damage index,' was measured from digitized light microscopy images by quantitating the spread of gray-scale histograms. Target sensitivity was demonstrated by reproducible dose-response curves over the range (1-200 shock waves) commonly used for in vitro cell injury studies. Increased shock wave repetition rate reduced the damage index. Untreated foils showed a very low damage index (0.001% ± 0.001%), while treated foils submerged in Ringer buffer yielded significant damage (2.2% ± 0.3%, p < 0.001). Degassing the buffer reduced damage to 0.3% ± 0.1% (p < 0.001). Foils submerged in castor oil showed virtually no damage. These results implicate acoustic cavitation in target damage. Targets immersed in biological fluids (blood and urine) had significantly less damage than in Ringer. The effect of degassing was also evaluated in a red blood cell lysis assay. Hemoglobin release in degassed preparations was significantly reduced compared to nondegassed controls (p < 0.001) and correlated with reduced foil damage index in cell-free vials. These findings characterize a sensitive method to quantitate acoustic cavitation and implicate a role for cavitation in shock wave lithotripsy-induced cell lysis.",
keywords = "Acoustic cavitation, Cell lysis, Image analysis, Red blood cells, Shock wave lithotripsy, Shock waves",
author = "Lifshitz, {David A.} and Williams, {James C.} and Bradford Sturtevant and Connors, {Bret A.} and Evan, {Andrew P.} and Mcateer, {James A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgments-The authors wish to thank Dax Denman for technical assistance with lithotripsy, machinist David Lounsbery (Department of Physiology & Biophysics) for design and fabrication of the degassing chamber and Philip Blomgren for help with photography and graphics. We also thank Dr. Naomi Fineberg for statistical support, Drs. Larry Crum and Robin Cleveland for their assistance with interpretation of cavitation detection and for the pressure measurements on the litbotripter and Dr. F. W. Kleinhans for his helpful suggestions during the development of the foil target assay. This work was suuoorted bv NIH grant PO1 DK43881. and fulfills hart of tbe requiremynts of the Israe% Scientific Council{\textquoteleft}urology residency program for D.A.L.",
year = "1997",
doi = "10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00223-2",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "23",
pages = "461--471",
journal = "Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology",
issn = "0301-5629",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "3",
}