Pulse transmission and impedance characteristics of a non-uniform circulatory model

In recent years, the technique of non-uniform transmission lines has been utilized in the synthesis of lines feeding antennae from transmitters, thereby maintaining matching over a wide band of frequencies and with varying load. For this reason, an electrical model based on that technique stems from the resemblance between the two systems: in both the feeding medium is non-uniform, and it is necessary to maintain a good response over a wide range of frequencies. Our non-uniform transmission line model of the arterial system, introduced in an earlier publication, supplies comprehensive answers to many questions dealing with the research into this system. Whereas in our earlier model the ohmic resistance R was considered small and not considered in the calculations, it is included in the present study. We have calculated the variation of the input impedance with the frequency and distance from the source, the effect of occluded main branches, augmentation of the pressure wave, the relationship between body size and heart rate and the matching of impedances at large bifurcations. We found that our calculated results agree very well with the quantitative results measured by other investigators in the field.