Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-mediated proliferation, androgenic regulation and inhibitory effects of LY312340 in HOS-TE85 (TE85) human osteosarcoma cells

Background: PSA mediates growth factor responses that stimulate proliferation of prostatic and other cellular types. Androgen-sensitive TE85 human osteosarcoma cells were used to study PSA as a potential mediator of prostatic cancer growth and osseous metastasis. Materials and Methods: TE85 cells were probed for PSA mRNA and protein levels under testosterone (T)-replete and -depleted conditions. TE85 proliferative responses to PSA were evaluated in the absence and presence of LY312340, a monocyclic β-lactam inhibitor of PSA enzymatic activity. Results: A 3.1-fold increase in PSA mRNA was observed following T stimulation. Low levels of immunoreactive PSA (iPSA) were detected in media of androgen-stimulated TE85 cells while iPSA was not found in control media. Conversely, iPSA was detected in TE85 cell pellets from control but not in androgen -stimulated cell cultures. Exogenously added enzymatically active PSA stimulated TE85 proliferation in a bi-phasic manner. LY312340 inhibited PSA-induced increases in TE85 cell numbers but had no effect on basal or T-stimulated cellular proliferation. Conclusion: While the PSA levels produced by TE-85 cells in response to androgen stimulation are too low to be biologically active, PSA produced by metastatic PCa cells may mediate paracrine stimulation of osteogenic PCa metastasis. Inhibitors of PSA enzymatic activity could be useful therapeutic agents.