Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a lung transplant recipient

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a sub-acute, demyelinating disease of the brain caused by a human polyomavirus. We describe a patient with the onset of PML 7 months after lung transplantation. The patient was treated with immunosuppressive modulation and cidofovir, a new anti-viral therapy for PML, with stabilization of the symptoms. We also review the 4 additional reports in the literature of PML after heart and lung transplantation. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy may become more prevalent as the population of heart and lung transplantation recipients increases.