Progressive and Informal Classrooms and Pedagogies

Zionist and Israeli (Jewish) education served as a crossroad to progressive European and American integrated and eclectic influences because most teachers and counselors of the Zionist youth movement, many of whom became teachers, immigrated to Israel from Europe, some of them through the USA, where they were influenced by two educational sources that developed parallel and integrated in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, mainly in Europe: progressive education and youth movements. The connection between the leading teachers and Europe continued throughout World War I and the days of the British Mandate in Israel, and even after the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, European influences persisted, and American influences increased.