TY - JOUR
T1 - Processes and structures in intergenerational programs
T2 - A comparison across different types of programs
AU - Cohen-Mansfield, Jiska
AU - Muff, Aline
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/12/9
Y1 - 2021/12/9
N2 - Objectives: Given the widely acknowledged benefits of intergenerational programs (IGPs), we compared processes and structures across different IGP types and explored potential areas for improvement. Design: Thirteen IGPs were classified into three types: arts, learning, and assistance programs. Data were collected through direct structured interviews and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Setting: Participants were recruited from community-based IGPs in the greater Tel Aviv area of Israel. Participants: Eighty-four older participants (OPs), 97 younger participants (YPs), and 21 organizers were interviewed. Measurements: Questions included participant demographics as well as closed- and open-ended questions regarding processes based on the Impact of Intergenerational Programs Questionnaire (IIPQ). Analysis: Responses to closed-ended questions were compared among IGP types and age groups using two-way ANOVAs for ordinal data, and chi-squares for nominal data. Responses to open-ended questions by OP, YP, and program organizers about potential areas for improvement were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Processes in need of improvement were preparation and guidance, length of program participation, and monitoring of activities, which differed across IGP types and age groups. These processes were related to broader structural problems such as lack of resources, organizers' poor employment conditions, and inadequate public services for older persons in Israel. Conclusions: Our study highlights the complex relationships between IGP types, processes, and structures. IGP processes and goals can be hindered by structural variables such as insufficient funding, infrastructure, and public services for older adults.
AB - Objectives: Given the widely acknowledged benefits of intergenerational programs (IGPs), we compared processes and structures across different IGP types and explored potential areas for improvement. Design: Thirteen IGPs were classified into three types: arts, learning, and assistance programs. Data were collected through direct structured interviews and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Setting: Participants were recruited from community-based IGPs in the greater Tel Aviv area of Israel. Participants: Eighty-four older participants (OPs), 97 younger participants (YPs), and 21 organizers were interviewed. Measurements: Questions included participant demographics as well as closed- and open-ended questions regarding processes based on the Impact of Intergenerational Programs Questionnaire (IIPQ). Analysis: Responses to closed-ended questions were compared among IGP types and age groups using two-way ANOVAs for ordinal data, and chi-squares for nominal data. Responses to open-ended questions by OP, YP, and program organizers about potential areas for improvement were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Processes in need of improvement were preparation and guidance, length of program participation, and monitoring of activities, which differed across IGP types and age groups. These processes were related to broader structural problems such as lack of resources, organizers' poor employment conditions, and inadequate public services for older persons in Israel. Conclusions: Our study highlights the complex relationships between IGP types, processes, and structures. IGP processes and goals can be hindered by structural variables such as insufficient funding, infrastructure, and public services for older adults.
KW - intergenerational programs
KW - older adults
KW - program evaluation
KW - public services for older adults
KW - younger adults
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112379607&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/S1041610221000922
DO - 10.1017/S1041610221000922
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C2 - 34365993
AN - SCOPUS:85112379607
SN - 1041-6102
VL - 33
SP - 1297
EP - 1308
JO - International Psychogeriatrics
JF - International Psychogeriatrics
IS - 12
ER -