Prevention and treatment of asthma exacerbation in children

Prevention of asthma exacerbation consists of primary prevention, early detection and correct management of the exacerbation, as well as taking measures to avoid the next exacerbation. Treatment of exacerbation should be administered at home or during emergency department stay in order to avoid hospitalization. The main therapeutic components are oxygen, β2-agonists and oral or inhaled corticosteroids. Other drugs, such as ipratropium bromide or magnesium sulfate, may have an additive effect. Mucolytic agents, antibiotics, aggressive hydration and chest physical therapy are not recommended. High doses of inhaled or nebulized corticosteroids (four-times the maintenance dose) are effective treatment of asthma exacerbation and may prevent the adverse effects associated with the use of oral corticosteroids.