Premature primary tooth eruption in cognitive/motor-delayed ADNP-mutated children

I. Gozes*, A. Van Dijck, G. Hacohen-Kleiman, I. Grigg, G. Karmon, E. Giladi, M. Eger, Y. Gabet, M. Pasmanik-Chor, E. Cappuyns, O. Elpeleg, R. F. Kooy, S. Bedrosian-Sermone

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

60 Scopus citations

Abstract

A major flaw in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) management is late diagnosis. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is a most frequent de novo mutated ASD-related gene. Functionally, ADNP protects nerve cells against electrical blockade. In mice, complete Adnp deficiency results in dysregulation of over 400 genes and failure to form a brain. Adnp haploinsufficiency results in cognitive and social deficiencies coupled to sex- and age-dependent deficits in the key microtubule and ion channel pathways. Here, collaborating with parents/caregivers globally, we discovered premature tooth eruption as a potential early diagnostic biomarker for ADNP mutation. The parents of 44/54 ADNP-mutated children reported an almost full erupted dentition by 1 year of age, including molars and only 10 of the children had teeth within the normal developmental time range. Looking at Adnpdeficient mice, by computed tomography, showed significantly smaller dental sacs and tooth buds at 5 days of age in the deficient mice compared to littermate controls. There was only trending at 2 days, implicating age-dependent dysregulation of teething in Adnp-deficient mice. Allen Atlas analysis showed Adnp expression in the jaw area. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and gene array analysis of human ADNP-mutated lymphoblastoids, whole-mouse embryos and mouse brains identified dysregulation of bone/ nervous system-controlling genes resulting from ADNP mutation/deficiency (for example, BMP1 and BMP4). AKAP6, discovered here as a major gene regulated by ADNP, also links cognition and bone maintenance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that early primary (deciduous) teething is related to the ADNP syndrome, providing for early/simple diagnosis and paving the path to early intervention/specialized treatment plan.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere1043
JournalTranslational Psychiatry
Volume7
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - 2017

Funding

FundersFunder number
Dr Miriam and Sheldon G Adelson Graduate School of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine
ERA-NET-NEURON
Gideon Karmon and Iris Grigg
AAMN Foundation
Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social
Ministry of Science, Technology and Space
Israel Science Foundation
Tel Aviv University

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