Preliminary Assessment of Galectin-3 Expression in Serum and Follicular Fluid: Implications for Predicting In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes

Background: Galactin-3 has been found to be involved in oocyte maturation, folliculogenesis, implantation, and pla-centation. The expression of Galactin-3 in the endometrium of women who have successfully undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been suggested as a potential biomarker for predicting successful embryo implantation. Objectives: To evaluate the expression of Galactin-3 in the sera and follicular fluid of women during IVF cycles. Methods: This prospective research included 21 women undergoing IVF treatments. Blood samples were taken at four points: day 2 before starting stimulation, trigger day, day of oocyte retrieval, and day of the-human chorionic gonadotropin level test. In addition, follicular fluid samples were taken on the day of oocyte retrieval. Galactin-3 protein levels were measured in serum and follicular fluid using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Galactin-3 levels on the stimulation day were positively correlated to estradiol levels on the day of the trigger (0.59, P = 0.02). Among women who achieved pregnancy compared to those who did not, Galectin-3 serum levels were higher on the day of the trigger (17.93 ± 4.35 ng/ml vs. 11.01 ±3.73 ng/ml, P= 0.015). Conclusions: These findings may imply a potential role of Galectin-3 on the success of IVF treatments, underscoring the potential importance of inflammatory processes in fertility.