@article{b975a09fffeb4f89b7adb0078f2db66d,
title = "Pregnancy and reproduction in autoimmune rheumatic diseases",
abstract = "Despite evidence for the important role of oestrogens in the aetiology and pathophysiology of chronic immune/inflammatory diseases, the previous view of an unequivocal beneficial effect of oestrogens on RA compared with a detrimental effect on SLE has to be reconsidered. Likewise, the long-held belief that RA remits in the majority of pregnant patients has been challenged, and shows that only half of the patients experience significant improvement when objective disease activity measurements are applied. Pregnancies in patients with SLE are mostly successful when well planned and monitored interdisciplinarily, whereas a small proportion of women with APS still have adverse pregnancy outcomes in spite of the standard treatment. New prospective studies indicate better outcomes for pregnancies in women with rare diseases such as SSc and vasculitis. Fertility problems are not uncommon in patients with rheumatic disease and need to be considered in both genders. Necessary therapy, shortly before or during the pregnancy, demands taking into account the health of both mother and fetus. Long-term effects of drugs on offspring exposed in utero or during lactation is a new area under study as well as late effects of maternal rheumatic disease on children.",
keywords = "Antiphospholipid syndrome, Fertility, Neonatal lupus, Oestrogen, Pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy, Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Systemic sclerosis, Vasculitis",
author = "Monika {\O}stensen and Antonio Brucato and Howard Carp and Christina Chambers and Dolhain, {Radboud J.E.M.} and Andrea Doria and Frauke F{\"o}rger and Caroline Gordon and Sinuhe Hahn and Munther Khamashta and Lockshin, {Michael D.} and Marco Matucci-Cerinic and Pierluigi Meroni and Nelson, {J. Lee} and Ann Parke and Michelle Petri and Luigi Raio and Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza and Silva, {Clovis A.} and Angela Tincani and Villiger, {Peter M.} and Dorothea Wunder and Maurizio Cutolo",
note = "Funding Information: G.R.-I. is supported by the Department of Education, Universities and Research of the Basque Government.",
year = "2011",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1093/rheumatology/keq350",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "50",
pages = "657--664",
journal = "Rheumatology",
issn = "1462-0324",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "4",
}